Version 25.7.2017

 

 

Litera H (He-Hi)

 

 

Head, Frank F.:

† 22.7.1861 nach Verwundung im Battle of 1st Manassas am 21.7.1861 (vgl. Tevis: Fighting Four­teenth, a.a.O., S. 28, 297). US-Co­lor-Sergeant; Co. C, 84th New York Infantry Regiment (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 62); Bruder von Major Henry T. *Head (http://www.green-wood.com/2015/civil-war-biographies-head-hoodless/).

 

 

Head, Henry T.:

US-Major; Co. F&S, 84th New York Infantry Regiment (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 62); Head trat am 23.5.1861 als Ser­geant Major in das Vorgängerregiment 14th Brooklyn New York (Brooklyn) Militia Regiment ein; promoted Adjutant 3.8.1861; Ma­jor 12.5.1863. Mustered Out Company S, 84th Infantry Regiment New York on 6 Jun 1864 at New York, NY (vgl. Tevis: Fighting Four­teenth, a.a.O., S. 297).

 

Bruder von Color-Sergeant Frank F. *Head (http://www.green-wood.com/2015/civil-war-biographies-head-hoodless/).

 

† 7.5.1870; beerd. Green-Wood-Cemetery, Brooklyn/New York (vgl. http://www.findagrave.com).

 

Photo:

Captain Henry T. Head (vgl. http://www.findagrave.com).

 

 

Headley, John W.:

CS-Lt; John Hunt Morgan's Cavalry (vgl. Horan: Confederate Agent, a.a.O., S. 8). Später CS-Agent in Kanada (vgl. Van Doren Stern: Secret Missions, a.a.O., S. 13)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Headley, John W.: Confederate Operations in Canada and New York (Time Life, N.Y. 1984)

 

 

Hearn, Thomas and John:

Thomas and John Hearn enlisted in Company F, 17th Regiment Connecticut Infantry, as musicians - Thomas in August 1862 and John in February 1863 (although John's pension file claimed an August 1862 enlistment date). A third brother, James, enlisted in Company I and died of typhoid fever in April 1863. Thomas and John were originally musicians in Company F. Thomas was promo­ted to Principal Musician on July 1, 1863 and John on November 10, 1863. John Hearn was captured on February 4, 1865 at Dunn's Lake, Florida. He was imprisoned at Andersonville and was paroled on April 21, 1865. Both brothers were mustered out on July 19, 1865 (vgl. http://www.seventeenthcvi.org/images_fs.html).

 

Photo:

Principal Musisian Jophn P. Hearn und Principal Musician Thomas R. Hearn, Postwar view (vgl. http://www.seventeenth­cvi.org/images_fs.html).

 

 

Hébert, Louis:

CS-Colonel; ca. 1820-1901; aus Louisiana; Cousin von Paul O. Hébert; West Point 1845 (3/41), Engineers; resigned 1847 um seine Plantage zu verwalten; Col State Militia, State Senator und Chief Engineer der Louisiana Commission; 1861 Col der 3rd Louisiana Infantry (Pelican Rifles) (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 391); im Juli 1861 folgte er mit seinen Truppen dem Vorstoß von Sterling Price von Arkansas nach Südwest-Missouri zur Rettung von Missouri Governor Claiborne *Jackson (vgl. Moneghan: Civil War on the Western Border, a.a.O., S. 156); Battle of Wilson's Creek.

 

Während der Pea Ridge Campaign stieß als erste Einheit von McCulloch’s Division die Brigade von Louis *Hébert am 16.2.1862 auf die sich aus Missouri zurückziehenden CS-Truppen von Sterling *Price (vgl. Shea / Hess, a.a.O., S. 39). Hébert's Brigade umfaßte folgende Regimenter (vgl. Shea / Hess, a.a.O., S. 334):

- 3rd Louisiana Infantry Major Will F. *Tunnard

- 4th Arkansas Infantry Col Evander *McNair

- 14th Arkansas Infantry Col William C. *Mitchell

- 15th Arkansas Infantry Col Dandridge *McRae

- 16th Arkansas Infantry Col John F. *Hill

- 17th Arkansas Infantry Col Frank A. *Rector

- 1st Arkansas Mounted Rifles (dismounted) Col Thomas J.

*Churchill

- 2nd Arkansas Mounted Rifles (dismounted) Col Benja-

min T. *Embry

- 4th Texas Cavalry Battalion Major John M. Whitfield

 

Hébert’s Infantry Brigade im Battle of Pea Ridge am 3.7.1862 unternahm den Vorstoß durch Morgan's Woods gegen Julius *White's 2nd Brigade 3rd Division Jefferson C. *Davis an der linken CS-Front. Hébert gelang der Durchbruch an der schwächsten Stelle der US-Linien und er erzielte einen beachtlichen taktischen Erfolg. Nach Erschöpfung der ausgebluteten CS-Regimenter von Hébert's Brigade wurde dieser Erfolg nicht ausgenutzt, da es nach dem Tod von General McCulloch an einer Führung auf Divisionsebene fehlte und die erforderlichen und vorhandenen Verstärkungen nicht zur Unterstützung von Hébert's Brigade eingesetzt wurden (vgl. Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 113-133, 135 ++++).

 

Hébert der sich bei der Schlacht von Coim Department von North Carolina. Nach Kriegsende kehrte Hébert nach Louisiana zurück und betätigte sich als Editor und Teacher.

 

Während Grant's First Vicksburg Campaign im Spätjahr 1862 war Hébert's Brigade in Nord-Mississippi eingesetzt. Am 2.12.1862 hatte Hébert's Brigade als Nachhut von Pemberton's Army eine Riegelstellung an der Straße nördlich Oxford / Mississippi bezogen, mit dem Auftrag der Verzögerung des US-Angriffs während *Pemberton's Rückzug vom Tullahatchie zur Yalobusha-Linie. Am 2.12.1862 kam es zu einem intensiven Gefecht von Hébert's Brigade mit der Kavalleriebrigade von Albert Lindley *Lee, bei dem auch CS-Artillery eingesetzt wurde. Hébert gelang eine mehrstündige Verzögerung. Als Hébert's Brigade schließlich nach Süden aus­wich, wurde sie sofort von Lee's Cavalry angegriffen, es kam zu harten Kämpfen in Oxford (vgl. Bearss, Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., vol. I 96).

 

In *Snyder’s Mills befand sich im Januar 1863 das Hauptquartier von BrigGen Hébert’s Brigade (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., vol. II xvi)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Boatner, a.a.O., S. 391

- Brooksher: Bloody Hill, a.a.O., S. 187-88, 190, 200, 204, 221, 223

- Hébert, Louis: Papers. "An Autobiography of Louis Hébert" (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Southern Historical Col­lection)

- Monaghan, Jay: Civil War on the Western Border, a.a.O., S. 156; Wilson's Creek 172, 173, 177, 178,; Pea Ridge 231, 237, 245, 248; Rückzug vor Samuel R. Curtis 231; 3rd Louisiana 'Pelican Rifles 156, 172, 174, 237, 248

- Shea/Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 23, 25-26, 38-39, 41, 43, 57-58, 62, 65, 96-97, 103, 107, 109, 113, 116-20, 124-25, 130-35, 137-42, 144-145, 149, 151, 181, 187, 213, 285, 312-13, 319

 

 

Hecker, Friedrich:

s. 82nd Regiment Illinois Infantry

 

Nach seiner Flucht aus Deutschland siedelte Hecker im St. Clair County / Illinois, wo er 1861 zwei aus Deutschen rekrutierte Re­gimenter aufstellte (vgl. Morrison: "History of the 9th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry", a.a.O., S. x).

 

 

Hedley, Fenwick Y.:

US-+++

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hedley, Fenwick Y.: Marching through Georgia (Chicago: R. R. Donnelley & Sons, 1887 bzw. Chicago, 1890)

 

 

Heermance, William L.:

US-Col; 1863 im Battle of Gettysburg am 1.7.1863 kommandierte Heermance den Abschnitt von Devins's Brigade der von der 6th New York Cavalry im nördlichen Bereich von McPherson's Ridge verteidigt wurde (vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 87); +++un­klar ist (bei Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 87), ob Heermance Col der 6th New York Cavalry war, da sonst Major William E. *Be­ardsley als Regimentskommandeur aufgeführt ist (vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 454).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Heermance, William L.: "The Cavalry at Gettysburg"; in: Gettysburg Papers, Vol. 1: 414-424

 

 

Heffeldinger, Jacob:

US-Sgt; ++++

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History of the Civil War, vol II, a.a.O., S. 109

 

 

Hefflefinger, Henry A.:

CS-Pvt; Co. K, 50th Regiment Virginia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 26).

 

Urkunden/Documents/Literature::

Hefflefinger, Henry A.: Civil War Letters, 1862-1863, Accession #13257, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.

 

Summary:

A collection of letters written by soldiers from Company K, 50th Virginia Infantry Regiment, many to Delilah P. Jessup. The principal correspondent is Henry A. Hefflefinger. Letters written in his hand contain poor spelling, but an anonymous writer apparently assisted Hefflefinger with several letters which are better written. The tone of the letters is one of war weariness and there is much interest in conditions at home. The letters mention many other Company K soldiers and it appears that Hefflefinger and these men were acquainted with one another and various recipients of letters in Patrick County, Virginia, their home county.

 

A letter from Henry A. Hefflefinger to Delila, dated May 5, 1862, from Camp Jackson mentions that he is in his old camp "called Camp Jackson and everything here appears desolate and lonesome." He discusses upcoming elections for officers (Jeff Lawson, Frank Cloud, [Clairborne?] Lawson, [James?] Rangely are mentioned as candidates). He notes that "the Yankees is now in thirty six hrs. of this place and we don't know what hour we may leave to start to meet them." A postscript to the letter reads: "Delila you will please tell my folks that I am well, J.J. Monday." (James J. Monday was a soldier in Company K, 50th Virginia Infantry Regiment.)

 

A letter from Hefflefinger to Jessup, dated September 12, 1862, from "Camp Narrows, Giles Co., Va," reports they will start to Kanawha in the morning and that he is sending Jessup 5 dollars by William Bowman. He hopes "this war will stop shortly so we all can git to com home to say with our friends and in joy the pleasures of life tho I fer it will bea some time yet." He adds that "ther is no plesure her no whar." He asks Jessup at the close of his letter to "rite soon, excuse bad riting and spelling from yo friend."

 

A letter from Henry A. Heffelfinger to Delilah P. Jessup, dated October 1, 1862, from Charleston [i.e. Kanawha] Co, Va, was apparently written by an anonymous assistant letter writer who writes after the first few lines (based on the poor spelling they were probably written by Hefflefinger) that "Henry has been writing and I will assist him." He reports that times are hard and provisions scarce and that although they are in plentiful country "we don't get it." It is the "sorryest" place to get water he ever saw and they have to get it out of mud holes and old wells. Ephraim Puckett is likely to get a discharge. They are fortifying but he does not anticipate a fight. He wants to know when she last heard from Sanders and about the news of old Patrick [County] in general.

 

A letter from H.A. Hefflefinger to Delilah P. Jessup, dated November 29, 1862, from "Camp Narrows, Giles Cty, Va," reports that it is snowing and it looks like it will be a deep snow. Three of the company ran away (Reed Boyd, Rolly [Raleigh] Bowman, and Rubin [Reuben] P. Terry). He writes that he wants "to come home verry bad but I don't think I will runaway yet awile for they got to punishing runaways tolerable bad." He would like to hear from Sanders and is sending twenty dollars by Asa Scott "which you can do with as I have before dirrected."

 

A letter from H.A. Heffelfinger to Delilah P. Jessup, dated December 25, 1862, from "Peters Burg," discusses recent hard travels by rail and marching from Camp Narrows via Richmond to his present location. He reports they are awaiting orders to move elsewhere, possibly Wilmington, North Carolina, but that there is much uncertainty about where. He inquires about Sanders and hopes to hear from him and thinks he might be within a few miles of where he is. They want to try to get Sanders in their company, although the chances are bad. If he can come home, he will try to bring a bonnet for Jessup and a cap for Yancy, if he has a chance to buy them. It is the dullest Christmas he ever saw, with no wood but scarce pines around, "verry sorry" water, and no brandy to drink. They can hear the town bells and [railroad] cars continually about. He sends his respects to his old friends, especially the pretty girls.

 

A letter from H.A. Hefflefinger to "Dear friend," dated January 17, 1863, from "Camp near Franklin Depot, Southampton Cty, Va," mentions receiving a letter from "Sanders" who wrote "that the Patrick [County] men has not chance in that regiment" but that Hefflefinger hopes "that we will get him with us yet." He reports very hard marching since they left the "Narrows" and that he is not satisfied in the country they are in which is flat and swampy. Someone from his regiment has smallpox and if they stay here long all will be sick in the spring since the water is very bad. They "have beef and pork and sweet potatoes and some pickel but nun of these thing makes" him "like the country." He writes that 'Thos Smith and Daniel is well" and in a postscript requests the correspondent to "tell Caroline that Thos Barnard is well."

 

A letter from H.A.H. to D.P. Jessup, dated February 2, 1863, from "camp near Franklin, [Virginia]," (written on a U.S Military Telegraph form) describes a recent engagement [on January 30 at Kelly's Store] in which the regiment lost their "Colonel [Thomas] Poge" [i.e. Poage]. Hefflefinger was not in the battle but remained in camp with the baggage. He mentions that [William] "Barnard" had his foot shot and that the doctor said it would have to be cut off. He also writes about inclement winter weather and his concern for people at home.

 

A letter from H.A. Hefflefinger to Delilah P. Jessup, dated February 20, 1863, from "Camp Near Franklin, Dept. Southampton Cty, Va." mentions rumors of peace (which Hefflefinger considers unlikely), the condition of fellow soldiers (including Wm. P. Barnard, who died on February 15 after having his wounded leg amputated). He says he will write Sanders in a few days and that there is yet a probability of getting him in "our company." He mentions the possibility of returning to "the Narrows," discusses the weather ("fine weather for plowing"), and urges Delilah to use his money for any needs she might have.

 

A letter from H.A.H. to Delilah Jessup, dated April 21, [1863], from "Camp Moss Neck, Caroline Co., Va," reports that Mr. William Barnard(?) is here and "is a going home" and Hefflefinger will "write a few lines by him." "Times is hard here," Sanders is well, and Hefflefinger is going to see him as soon as he can. He tells "Yancy" that he can probably "beat you a shooting the next time I cum home" and asks Yancy to write about his crop and to make "all the corn you can for times is a going to be hard." One postscript from (?) Bowman(?) to Miss Martha indicates that he has not forgotten her; another postscript from Daniel Smith to Delilah P. Jessup ("Dear Sister") wishes her well and says he was sorry he could not see here before he left.

 

A letter from Henry A. Hefflefinger to Delilah P. Jessup, dated May 2(?), 1863, from "Camp Near Guinea's Station," mentions being in battle for 4 days. The letter is torn and mostly illegible. ("Canon ... is noisy," "I am knot with the company, they have been in line of battle for ... 4 days.")

 

A letter from H.A. Hefflefinger to "Dear Friend," dated May 12, 1863, from "Camp Near Chancellorsville," describes the fight which commenced April 29 and lasted until May 7 with a heavy loss on both sides. He give names of killed and wounded in his company and notes that there "is lots of yankees laying on the field that is not buried yet" and that they "took a good may prisners." He mentioned that Sanders was with him yesterday, and that he [Sanders] was in the fight but never got hurt. He wishes that he could be with his correspondent to help plant corn and that "it would be more satisfaction than it is staying here." He is in "hope that the time will soon roll round when this wicked war will end and we can all return to our homes in peace and see pleasure as we wonce did."

 

A 2-page letter to Delilah P. Jessup is signed on one page by H.A. Hefflefinger and on the other page by "your loving brother til death, Burwell Smith." They appear to be in the same handwriting. The Hefflefinger letter (dated May 30(?)), from "camp near fredericks burg, Va" says that there is "taughing" [talking?] about crosin the river" and that "there is a heap of running away and I expect that will be sum of the Patrick [County] boys be for long" and that he is of "a good notion to leave my self." He mentions that the "money that was made in sixty one and two will be no count unless it is taken to richmond the first of August." The Smith letter (dated June 1) is written to "My dear sister...Delilah Jessup and relations." The letter mentions "we have a hard time here and they is another fight at hand." He notes that "they was twenty out of Co. K made a bargain yesterday to leave here last night and Tom Barnard backed out and stoped it all and he has been a talking about leaving a good while." (See John D. Chapla, 50th Virginia Infantry, p. 129, which mentions that Barnard was absent from unit by June 9, 1863.) He writes that "we never can whip the north, we drove them back...but we lost...as many as they did." He mentions his parents and that he is "uneasy about my little family and about myself and I feel very doutful about ever getting back."

 

A letter from Henry A. Hefflefinger to Delilah P. Jessup, dated June 3, 1863, from "camp near fredericks burg," notes that it is "myty dry" and that he would "rather be in the corn field in home" and that he expects "we will have to go across the river."

 

A letter from H.A. Hefflefinger to D.P. Jessup, undated, probably 1864, from "Camp, Pisgah Church," discusses Angelina(?). "You wrote you lay all the blame on Angelina and accused her of many things."

 

A letter to Delila, undated from an unknown location, reports that he is sorry to hear of Delila's troubles which are affecting "every person nearly at this time." He is also sorry to hear about the death of "little Daniel"(?) and that he would have come but it was impossible to get a furlough. He is happy that her corn looks well and mentions that he received a letter from his Grandfather. The letter is signed by Henry A. Hefflefinger and in a postscript is written "I send my best respects to you and am well, James J. Monday."

 

Two letters from D.P. Jessup to Henry A. Hefflefinger, one undated and one dated November 22, 1863, from Patrick Cty, Va. The undated letter discusses personal matter, particularly the gossiping of Angelina(?) who is lying about personal relationships and whom Jessup wishes Hefflefinger would "breake here [i.e. her] of one practice" and "try to learn her better." The November 22 letter discusses in detail hardships at home especially crop shortages and high food prices.

 

 

Hefflefinger, James A.:

CS-Pvt; Co. F, 16th Regiment Virginia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 26).

 

 

Heflin, W. P.:

+++klären+++ (vgl. Glatthaar: The Common Soldiers Gettysburg Campaign, in: Boritt: The Gettysburg Nobody Knows, a.a.O., S. 225n38).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Heflin, W. P.: Blind Man „On the Warpath“ (n.p., [190?]

 

 

Heg, Hans C.:

US-Col; Co. F&S, 15th Regiment Wisconsin Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M559 Roll 13).

 

Im Sommer 1862 Brigadekommandeur von Mitchell's Brigade (vgl. Starr: Jennison's Jayhawkers, a.a.O., S. 192 Anm. 2) (1st Brigade 4th Division Army of the Mississippi).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Blegen, Theodore C. (ed.): The Civil War Letters of Colonel Hans Christian Heg (Northfield, MN: Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1936)

 

 

Heim, George:

US-Pvt; 8th Illinois Cavalry (vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 63). Heim war am 1.7.1863 unter dem Befehl von Lt Marcellus E. *Jones auf vorgeschobenem Vorposten der 8th Illinois Cavalry westlich von Gettysburg an der Straße nach Cashtown; sie waren die ersten US-Soldaten die auf CS-Truppen trafen (vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 63).

 

 

Heiman, Adolphus:

CS-Col; im Februar 1862 Brigadekommandeur von Heiman's Brigade (vgl. Grant, US: The Opposing Forces at Fort Donelson; in Battles and Leaders Vol. I S. 429); eingesetzt im Februar 1862 bei Forts Henry und Donelson; Erbauer von Fort Heiman; er erreichte nach dem Fall von Fort Henry auf dem Rückzug vor den angreifenden Truppen Grant's in der Nacht vom 6.2.1862 mit den Resten von zwei Brigaden Fort Donelsen (vgl. Wallace, Lew: The Capture of Fort Donelson; in Battles and Leaders, Vol. I S. 403). Bei der Verteidigung von Fort Donelsen befehligte Heiman eine der auf dem linken Flügel der CS-Verteidiger (vgl. Wallcace, a.a.O., S. 404).

 

Die Brigade umfaßte folgende Truppen (vgl. Grant, U. S:: The Opposing Forces at Fort Donelson; in Battles and Leaders Vol. I S. 429):

- 27th Alabama Infantry Col A. A. Hughes

- 10th Tennessee Infantry LtCol R. W. MacGavock

- 42nd Tennessee Infantry Col W. A. Quarles

- 48th Tennessee Infantry Col W. M. Voorhies

- 53rd Tennessee Infantry Col A. H. Abernathy; LtCol Thomas F. Winston

- Maney's Tennessee Battery, Captain Frank *Maney

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History, Vol. 1: Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 298

 

 

Heintzelman, Samuel Peter:

US-MajGen; 1805-1880, Pennsylvania; seine Vorfahren waren aus Augsburg nach Pennsylvania ausgewandert. West Point 1826 (17/41); in der Vorkriegszeit eingesetzt an der Frontier; Mexikokrieg (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 392); später eingesetzt in Fort Yuma, Arizona; dort kam es zu bitterem Streit mit Capt. Thomas W. Sweeney (vgl. Monaghan: Civil War on the Western Border, a.a.O., S. 149); Col US-Army und gleichzeitig BrigGen USV am 17.5.1861; Heintzelman nahm Alexandria, Va. am 24.5.1861; Divisions­kommandeur 3rd Division vom 28.5.-17.8.1861; in der Schlacht von First Bull Run am 18.7.1861 verwundet; Kommandeur der Heintzel­man Brigade, Div. of the Potomac von August bis Oktober 1861 und der Heintzelman Division, Army of the Potomac vom 3.10.1861-13.3.1862. Heintzelman kommandierte das III. US-Korps der Potomac-Armee während der Kampagne auf der Virgi­nia-Halbinsel vom 13.3.1862-30.10.1862; Schlachten von Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Savanne Station, Glendale, Malvern Hill; MajGen USV am 5.5.1862; Teilnahme an den Schlachten von 2nd Bull Run und Chantilly; von Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) am 31.5.1862 (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 392). Er taktiert insgesamt zu vorsichtig und verliert nach der Schlacht von Second Bull Run sein Kommando (Angabe bei Längin, a.a.O., S. 101). In der Verteidigung von Washington kommandierte er anschließend den Military District of Wa­shington (27.1862-2.2.1863) und das XXII Corps und das Department of Washington (2.2.1863-13.10.1863); vom 12.1.1864-1.10.1864 Kommandeur des Northern Department und anschließend eingesetzt als Richter bei Court Martials bis Kriegs­ende. Er ist befördert worden für seine Leistungen in den Schlachten von Fair Oaks (BrigGen USA 31.5.1862) und Williamsburg (MajGen USA). Nach Kriegsende weiterhin Berufsoffizier bis zu seiner Versetzung in den Ruhestand als MajGen USA 1869. Boat­ner beschreibt Heinzelmännchens Qualitäten: "A man who lacked the essential qualities of leadership as well as one who greatly ma­gnified the difficul­ties before him, he was personally brave and gallant but without initiative" (vgl. Boatner: Civil War Dictionary, a.a.O., S. 392).

 

Zur 'Revolt of the Generals' nach dem Battle of Fredericksburg im Dezember 1862 (s. hierzu MajGen William Franklin, MajGen Wil­liam Smith, MajGen John Newton, und MajGen John Cochrane) vermerkt Heintzelman in seinem Tagebuch: „... when zwo Generals came to town, saw Mr. Lincoln & he sent orders not to do ist“ (Anm. er gab Anweisung an Gen Burnside nicht erneut bei Fredericks­burg über den Rappahannock anzugreifen“). Heintzelman had his own sources of inside information, and added: „I heard since the that Genls Newton & Cochrane who got leave from Gen. Gen. Franklin were the officers“. He could not understand how „such con­duct is tolerated“ (vgl. Sears: Chancellorsville, a.a.O., S. 10; vgl. Heintzelman Diary, a.a.O., 5.1.1863).

 

Photo:

- Längin, a.a.O., S, 101

- Milhollen / Kaplan: Divided We Fought, a.a.O., S. 110

 

Documents/Literature::

- Heintzelmann, Samuel P.: Papers, Library of Congress, Washington / DC

- Heintzelmann, Samuel P.: Diary; in Heintzelmann Papers, Library of Congress, Washington / DC

 

 

Heinzen, Carl:

deutscher 1848er; in die USA geflohen; Herausgeber einer deutschsprachigen radikal-republikanischen Zeitung in Boston „Deutscher Pionier“; Heinzen verachtete persönlich US-MajGen Ludwig Blenker (vgl. Keller: Chancellorsville and the Germans, a.a.O., S. 40).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Wittke, Carl: Against the Current: The Life of Carl Heinzen (Chicago , 1945)

 

 

Heinzen, Charles:

US-Sergeant; Co. H, 29th Regiment New York Infantry; auch als 'Carl Heinze' bezeichnet (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 62).

 

 

Heinzen, Friedrich:

US-Pvt; Co. IBA, 39th Regiment New York Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 62).

 

 

Heinzenburg, George:

US-Sergeant; Co. A, 5th Regiment Ohio Infantry; auch als 'Heinsenberg' erwähnt (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 47).

 

 

Heiss, Henry:

CS-Major (vgl. Confederate Veteran Vol. V, S. 255); 1838 (Pennsylvania) - ++++ Nashville

 

Photo:

- Confederate Veteran Vol. V, S. 255

 

 

Helm, Benjamin Hardin:

CS-BrigGen; 1830-63; aus Kentucky; Sohn des Gouverneurs von Kentucky John Helm; West Point 1851 (9/42); US-Berufsoffizier, Dragoner. Helm trat aus der Army 1852 aus; Rechtsanwalt in Kentucky und Abgeordneter im Kentucky Parlament. 1856 Heirat mit der Halbschwester von Mrs. Mary Lincoln, Emilie; Schwager von Abraham Lincoln. Trotz unterschiedlicher politischer Ansicht wa­ren Helm und Lincoln enge Freunde. Vor Kriegsausbruch war Helm Mitglied des Stabes von Simon Bolivar *Buckner's Kentucky Militia (vgl. Davis: Orphan Brigade, a.a.O., S. 8). Im April 1861 bot Lincoln Helm den Job des Army-Paymaster. Helm lehnte ab und stellte die 1st Kentucky Cavalry auf; CS-Col und Regimentskommandeur 1st Kentucky Cavalry seit 19.10.1861. BrigGen 14.3.1862; ab Juli 1862 Brigadekommandeur der 1st Kentucky Infantry bestehend aus 4th und 5th (9th) Kentucky Infantry (vgl. Davis: Jackman Diary, a.a.O., S. 43) unter Breckinridge in Vicksburg. Während des Sommers 1862. Helm war sodann in Louisiana eingesetzt. Vor dem Battle of Baton Rouge bei einem Sturz vom Pferd schwer verletzt.. Nach der Gesundung weiterhin im Dienst im Department of the Gulf bis Januar 1863. Helm wurde im Januar 1863 Brigadekommandeur von Hanson's Brigade und unter Breckinridge während der Tullahoma Campaign eingesetzt. Helm wurde tödlich verwundet in der Schlacht von Chickamauga am 20.9.1863 und starb am gleichen Tag (vgl. Boatner: Dictio­nary, a.a.O., S. 393).

 

 

Helm, Emilie:

auch Emily; Ehefrau von Benjamin Hardin *Helm; geb. Todd; Halbschwester von Mary Todd Lincoln; Schwägerin von Abraham Lincoln. Sie fiel unter Lincoln's Proclamation vom 8.12.1863 und wurde aufgrund einer Verpflichtungserklärung auf der Grundlage der Proclamation begnadigt. Sie bat um die Erlaubnis, in die CSA zu reisen, um Baumwolle aus ihrem Eigentum in Jackson / Missis­sippi und aus Georgia zu holen und sprach deshalb am 14.12.1863 im Weißen Haus in Washington vor. Sie erhielt die Erlaubnis, die US-Linien durchqueren zu können, Lincoln weigerte sich aber, seine Schwägerin zu empfangen (vgl. Basler: Collected Works of Lin­coln, vol. VII, a.a.O., S. 63: Erklärung Lincoln's an Emily Helm vom 14.12.1863).

 

 

Helman, Howard:

US-Pvt: 131st Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. Gallagher u.a.: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 85, 90).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Thurner, Arthur W. (ed.): "A Young Soldier in the Army of the Potomac: Diary of Howard Helman, 1862;" Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 87 (1963), S. 152

 

 

Helms, Celathiel:

CS-+++; 63rd Georgia Infantry (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 351)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Helms, Celathiel: Letters (Georgia Department of Archives, Atlanta / Georgia)

 

 

Helper, Hinton Rowan:

Journalist; aus North Carolina; Apologet des Südens; kritisierte die Sklaverei und hielt die Sklaverei für einen der Gründe für die ökonomische Krise von 1856/57 (vgl. Nevins, Emergence of Lincoln, vol. I, a.a.O., S. 209). Gegen diese Begründung wandte sich Thomas Prentice *Kettell mit seinem Buch 'Southern Wealth and Northern Profit', das die sektionalen Spannungen nach Ende der Wirtschaftskrise verdeutlichte; Kettell gab die verbreitete Ansicht des Südens wieder, der Norden schöpfe die Gewinne aus dem Baumwollhandel ab und beute den Süden aus (vgl. Nevins, Emergence of Lincoln, vol. I, a.a.O., S. 218).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Helper, Hinton Rowan: Land of Gold (Schilderung einer 3jährigen Reise durch das Goldland Kalifornien)

- Helper, Hinton Rowan: The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It (New York: A. B. Burdick, 1860). Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit der ökonomischen Unterlegenheit des Südens und der Frage der Sklaverei (vgl. Nevins, a.a.O., S. 212)

- Theobald, T. V.: MS Life of Helper (Columbia University)

 

 

Helveson, Alexander H.:

CS-Major; 16th Alabama Infantry. Das Regiment gehörte im Battle of Shiloh unter Führung von LtCol J. W. *Harris zur 3rd Brigade BrigGen Sterling A. M. Wood III. Army Corps MajGen William J. Hardee (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 321). Am Morgen des 6.4.1862 beteiligt am Angriff der Brigade Wood auf Sherman’s 5th Division bei Rea Field (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 161).

 

Das Regiment gehörte im Battle of Shiloh unter Führung von LtCol J. W. *Harris zur 3rd Brigade BrigGen Sterling A. M. Wood III. Army Corps MajGen William J. Hardee (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 321). Am Morgen des 6.4.1862 beteiligt am Angriff der Bri­gade Wood auf Sherman’s 5th Division bei Rea Field (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 161). Gegen 10:30-11.30 eingesetzt an der Purdy-Hamburg Road im Rahmen des Angriffs der Brigade Wood gegen Marsh's Brigade. Beim Angriff der 3rd Brigade BrigGen Sterling A. M. Wood (III. Army Corps MajGen William J. Hardee) wurde die 14th Ohio Battery (Burrow’ Battery) überrannt von der 27th Tennessee Infantry und 16th Alabama Infantry. Die Battery verlor alle Geschütze, 29 Mann und 70 Pferde. Major Helveson wur­de hierbei verwundet (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 180 mit Karte S. 181).

 

 

Hemphill, John:

CS-Politiker aus Texas, geboren in South Carolina und in der Vorkriegszeit nach Texas verzogen, dort Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, 1858 US-Senator für Texas; im April 1861 in Montgomery / Ala (vgl. Chestnut: Diary, S. 48). Hemphill traf am 5.1.1861 zur Vorberei­tung des CS-Gründungskongresses vom Februar 1861 und zur Vorbereitung der Entscheidung über die Sezession mit Jeffer­son *Davis, Albert G. *Brown u.a. anderen zusammen (vgl. Davis: A Government of Our Own, a.a.O., S. 12).

 

 

Hemphill, Robert:

US-Pvt, 123rd Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. Gallagher u.a.: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 85).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hemphill, Robert: Civil War Letters (Hemry Family Papers, U.S. Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks / Pennsylvania)

 

 

Henderson, E. Prioleau:

CS-+++; 2nd South Carolina Cavalry

 

Documents/Literature::

- Henderson, E. Prioleau (2nd S. Carolina Cavalry): Autobiographie of Arab (Jim Fox Books; Reprint of 1901 title); 170 pp. One of the rarest titles in the South Carolina Reprint

series. Henderson used his horse Arab to relate most of this regimental history which follows the marches and battles of Hampton's Legion, the 2nd S. Carolina Cavalry and the "Iron Scouts" of Stuart and Hampton

 

 

Henderson, George Francis Robert:

1854-1903; britischer Kriegsbeobachter und Militärschriftsteller; britischer LtCol;

 

Documents/Literature::

- Henderson, G.F.R.: Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War (Reprint DaCapo Press: New York, 1988)

- Henderson, G.F.R.: The Campaign of Fredericksburg: A Tactical Study for Officers (3rd ed., Gale and Polden Ltd. 1886)

 

 

Henderson, Howard A. M., Dr.:

CS-LtCol; Kommandant des CS-Kriegsgefangenenlagers Cahaba Prison (Salecker: Sultana, a.a.O., S. 17, 18, 25).

 

Peter Cozzens (vgl. Cozzens, Peter: „Surviving a Confederate POW Camp“; in: www.historynet.com, Abruf vom 3.9.2016) schreibt über Henderson:

 

„Survival in an Alabama Slammer: Inmates at the Confederacy’s Cahaba Federal Prison had little more food and a lot less space than prisoners at Andersonville, but their mortality rate was considerably lower—thanks to one man’s humanity.

 

On the afternoon of May 11, 1883, Hannah Simpson Grant died quietly in her home in Jersey City, N.J. Her son, Ulysses S. Grant, arrived later that day. To her pastor, the Rev. Dr. Howard A.M. Henderson, Grant entrusted arrangements for the funeral. Grant wan­ted no mention made of his own success. He asked Henderson simply to eulogize Hannah Grant as a “pure-minded, simple-hearted, earnest Methodist Christian.” The man in whom General Grant placed so much trust had served honorably during the Civil War—but on the side of the Confedera­cy, and as the commandant of a prison camp. Soldiers in both armies despised Civil War prisons as places of hunger, harsh treatment and deadly diseases, and for the most part they excoriated prison commanders as cruel and cold-hearted. But Henderson was an exception. Gentle and genuinely concerned with the welfare of inmates, Henderson achieved with resources nearly as limited as those at Andersonville, Ga., something the com­mandant of that prison, Henry Wirz, couldn’t: He kept his inmates alive. Under Wirz’s regime, nearly a third of the 41,000 prisoners at Andersonville perished. At Cahaba, the mortality rate was 3 percent. According to Federal figures, only 147 of the 5,000 inmates died. The average mortality rate in Confederate prisons was 15.5 per­cent; in Union prisons, 12 percent. There was little in the appearance of Cahaba, or in the conditions beyond Henderson’s capacity to control—overcrowding, rats, lice and sometimes meager food—to suggest to new inmates their fate would be any different than that of their less fortunate countrymen at Andersonville. But Henderson’s humanity gave them hope.

 

Wisconsin cavalryman Melvin Grigsby entered Cahaba in the spring of 1864. His first stop was a room near the entrance. There Cap­tain Henderson ordered him to surrender all his valuables, promising to keep a list and return everything “at the proper time.” Grigs­by was skeptical; surrendered possessions had a way of disappearing in prisons. But when Grigsby and several hundred other priso­ners were transferred to Andersonville, Henderson not only returned all the prisoners’ valuables, but also expressed his “sorrow and shame for the horrors of that shameful place.”

 

The Confederates established Cahaba Federal Prison in May or June 1863 in an unfinished red-brick warehouse on the west bank of the Alabama River in Cahaba, Ala., the seat of Dallas County. The town owed its name to the Cahaba River, which looped around the northern side of the town before emptying into the Alabama. The prison’s informal name was Castle Morgan, after famed Confedera­te cavalryman Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan. The brick walls of the warehouse stood 14 feet high and enclosed 15,000 square feet. An unfinished roof left 1,600 square feet in the center exposed to the elements. Under the roofed portion of the warehouse, Confederate prison authorities built 250 bunks of rough timber, one atop the other. Around the warehouse they raised a 12-foot wooden stockade with a plank walkway at the top for the guards. At the southeast corner of the stockade they built a four-seat privy. Drinking water for the prisoners came from an artesian well emptied into an open gutter, which flowed 200 yards through town before entering the stockade.

 

In July 1863, Henderson became commandant of Cahaba. A month later he also was named an agent for the exchange of prisoners, a duty that often took him away from the prison.

Commandant Howard Henderson during the Civil War.

Henderson understood Northerners. He had graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University and studied law at the Cincinnati Law School. Preferring the church to law, he became a Methodist minister after graduation. Henderson was determined to run Cahaba with as much compassion as discipline and good order permitted, but the prison nonetheless had its share of problems. Quarters were cramped. In March 1864, there were 660 prisoners at Cahaba, a third of whom had to sleep on the dirt floor of the warehouse for lack of bunks. The polluted water supply posed a grave health threat. Prison surgeon R.H. Whitfield told the Confede­rate medical department that, in its course from the artesian well to the warehouse, the water “has been subjected to the washings of the hands, feet, faces, and heads of soldiers, citizens, and negroes, buckets, tubs, and spittoons of groceries, offices, and hospital, hogs, dogs, cows, and filth of all kinds from the streets and other sources.” In response to Whitfield’s complaint, the quartermasters installed pipes to replace the open ditch, which gave the prisoners clean wa­ter to drink. But in the summer of 1864, General Grant ordered a halt in prison exchanges, and the population of Cahaba grew to 2,151 in October. Conditions deteriorated sharply. Cahaba became the most overcrowded prison, North or South. Each prisoner had only 7.5 square feet to call his own; those at incarcerated Andersonville had 35 square feet of space per man. Rations dropped severely both in quantity and quality. The average daily issue became 12 ounces of corn meal, ground together with cobs and husks, 8 ounces of often rancid beef or bacon, and occasionally some bug-infested peas. Prisoners were not starved at Ca­haba, but they were hungry enough that a gnawing desire for food permeated their dreams. “The same experience was often repeated,” remembered Sergeant Jesse Hawes of the 9th Illinois Cavalry. “Go to the bed of sand at 9:00 p.m., dream of food till 1:00 or 2:00 a.m., awake, go to the water barrel, drink, and return to sleep again if the rats would permit sleep.”

 

The number of rats at Cahaba grew at about the same rate as the prison population until, Hawes said, they became a veritable plague. They burrowed into every corner of the warehouse and swarmed through the prison yard. “At first they made me nervous, lest they should do me serious injury before I should awake; but after sev­eral nights’ experience that feeling was supplanted by one of irritati­on—irritation that they should keep waking me up so many times during the night, an annoyance that at length became nearly unen­durable.” But rats were a minor annoyance when measured against the infestation of lice, from which no prisoner was free. Private Perry Sum­merfield said that after his first night at Cahaba he was so covered with lice that his clothes “looked more like pepper and salt than blue.” Lice “crawled upon our clothing by day, crawled over our bodies, into the ears, even into the nostrils and mouths by night,” Hawes said. Hardest to bear were the human vermin that infested the prison. The most pernicious came from among the prisoners themselves. Called “muggers,” they were a well-organized group of robbers for whom newcomers were the targets of choice. The muggers would beat a man senseless or render him defenseless with a rag of chloroform (obtained from guards in exchange for part of the muggers’ profits), and then strip him bare of money, watch, jewelry and keepsakes that the prisoner had managed to secrete from prison autho­rities. It took a giant of a man named Richard Pierce to bring order. Standing nearly 7 feet tall, with chest and shoulders “enormous for a man of his gigantic dimensions,” the young private from the 3rd Tennessee Union Cavalry was so mild-mannered that his fellow in­mates regarded him as an overgrown boy—until four muggers robbed his best friend. “Big Tennessee,” as the prisoners called Pierce, tracked down the robbers and knocked all four of them senseless. Big Tennessee’s two-fisted justice rallied the prisoners and cowed the muggers, the worst of whom joined the Confederates to escape retribution from their former victims.

There ironically was less human vermin among the guard force of 179 poorly trained conscripts. Most of the Confederates were hu­mane and well-intentioned, but at least two stood out as cold-blooded murderers. One named Hawkins shot three men in one week from the walkway atop the stockade wall, recalled several former prisoners, “without the least shadow of reason or excuse for the murders.”

Another assassin, a boy not more than 16 whom the prisoners dubbed “Little Charley,” killed three prisoners. He shot two men at clo­se range and bayoneted a third in the cooking yard, again for no apparent reason. One day Little Charley failed to appear on duty as expected, and among the prisoners the rumor arose that he had been granted a furlough for his “zeal as a guard.” Hawes decided to find out for himself. “Was he given a furlough because he killed so many prisoners?” Hawes asked a friendly guard. “I guess so,” drawled the Southerner, “that’s what we ’uns allers heerd.”

That murder would be condoned, much less rewarded, under Henderson’s regime was unthinkable. But on July 28, 1864, a new offi­cer had arrived to command the military post of Cahaba and the prison guards. He was Lt. Col. Samuel Jones, a cruel man who had been twice captured and paroled, and then passed over for command of his regiment. Jones came to Cahaba with the professed inten­tion of seeing the “God-damned Yankees” suffer.

The commander of military prisons in Alabama and Georgia, Brig. Gen. John H. Winder, complained to Richmond that he had not re­quested, nor did he want, Jones at Cahaba. The inspector general’s office opposed divided authority at prison camps and sided with Winder. They looked into Jones’ records and found no orders assigning him to Cahaba, but he nonetheless remained at the prison. Henderson’s duty as exchange agent took him away from Cahaba frequently. In his absence, Jones was in charge.

Jones instituted a unique form of punishment and applied it for violations of serious prison regulations. On a ladder resting against the outer wall of the stockade, Jones forced prisoners to grasp a rung just high enough so that their feet barely touched the ground, and then sustain their weight by their hands for a prescribed number of minutes. There certainly were worse forms of punishment in Civil War prisons, many of which were inflicted with less cause, but to men accustomed to Henderson’s moderate discipline, Jones’ methods seemed barbaric.

Amanda Gardner, whose home stood just outside Cahaba Prison, also found Jones’ behavior reprehensible. Gardner was a “thorough Rebel” who already had lost a son in the war and believed in the righteousness of the Southern cause, said one prisoner, but she ab­horred brutality. When she demanded Jones cease punishing prisoners near her doorstep, the colonel rebuked her. “Your sympathy for the damned Yankees is odious to me,” Jones told her. “Now bear yourself with the utmost care in the future or you shall be an exile.” But Henderson intervened and endorsed all Gardner had done. After that, Jones left her alone.

Gardner did far more for the prisoners than protest cruel punishment. Soon after the prison opened she began sending gifts of food, which her young daughter Belle slipped through cracks in the stockade wall with the connivance of friendly guards. When winter came, she took up every carpet in her house and cut them into blankets in order to “relieve the suffering of those poor prisoners.” Gardner lent the prisoners books from a large and varied collection that an uncle had left her. Prisoners had only to send a note by a guard to Amanda or Belle in order to borrow a book from the Gardner library.

The good effect Gardner’s books had in alleviating tedium, which could sap a man’s will to live, contributed to the low death rate at Cahaba. Relatively good sanitation also played a role. After Whitfield’s report, water entered the camp in pipes rather than an open gutter. The water closet at the southeast corner of the stockade prevented human waste from contaminating the water supply.

The final factor favoring survival was the prison hospital, located in a rambling, two-story hotel called Bell Tavern that the Confe­deracy commandeered to serve both guards and prisoners. There were never quite enough cots to go around, but chief surgeon Louis Profilet and prison surgeon Whitfield treated Confederates and Northerners with equal consideration. Medicine was seldom in short supply. Men died in the Bell Tavern hospital, but not for want of care.

Neither did they die for want of effort by Henderson. In September 1864, Henderson, now a colonel, proposed a special exchange of 350 of Cahaba’s inmates. The Union district commander, Maj. Gen. Cad­wallader C. Washburn, forwarded the request to the com­missary general of prisoners along with a favorable comment on Henderson’s management of Cahaba.

The proposal made its way to Grant, who denied it as part of his larger policy of prohibiting prisoner exchanges. As winter neared, Hender­son suggested the Federals send a ship up the Alabama River under a flag of truce and deliver supplies to the prisoners. Hen­derson and Washburn overcame the reservations of their superior officers, and in December a Union steamboat offloaded at Cahaba 2,000 complete uniforms, 4,000 pairs of socks, 1,500 blankets, medicine, writing papers and envelopes, and a hundred mess tins.

Henderson had done his best. But the prisoners wanted food more than supplies, and most bartered their new clothing to guards for extra rations. When the food was gone, wrote Henderson sadly, the prisoners were left with the same “scanty clothing and ragged blankets in a climate particularly severe in winter.”

In December, Cahaba was cursed with the arrival of a prisoner who nearly cost several dozen innocent men their lives. He was Cap­tain Hiram S. Hanchett of the 16th Illinois Cavalry. Moments before Confederate cavalrymen captured him near Nashville, Hanchett had shed his uniform and donned civilian clothing, on the mistaken assumption that the Rebels would let civilians go. Hanchett fur­ther incriminated himself by adopting an alias. As he marched into Cahaba, Hanchett knew that he had made himself subject to con­viction and execution as a spy.

To save himself, Hanchett concocted an absurd escape plan. He told a handful of prisoners his true identity and offered to lead them to the Confederate arsenal at Selma to steal weapons, and then another 125 miles to Federal lines at Pensacola, Fla. In the early mor­ning hours of January 20, 1865, Hanchett and his co-conspirators overpowered the nine guards on duty and shoved them into the wa­ter closet.

Hanchett’s band never made it beyond the gate. The corporal of the relief saw the scuffle and called for help. Hanchett yelled into the warehouse for 100 “men of courage” to join him in rushing the gate. No one responded. Jones entered the prison with cannons and 100 guards, threatening to blow Hanchett and his men “from hell to breakfast.”One of his coterie let slip that Hanchett was a Union officer, and Henderson wrote to the War Department for permission to court-martial him as a spy. His letter got lost in the crumbling bureaucracy of the dying Confederacy. Henderson left Cahaba permanently in January 1865 for Union-held Vicksburg, there to dedicate himself to duties as agent for prison­er exchanges.

 

No sooner had Henderson left than a natural disaster of the first order confronted Jones. Late February downpours pounded the pri­son and surrounding country, and on March 1 the Cahaba River roared over its banks. A torrent of water swept through town and into the stockade. The water closet backed up, and by nightfall the prisoners found themselves waist-deep in fetid water.

The next morning a delegation of sergeants appealed to Jones to let the prisoners move to higher ground just outside the stockade. Jo­nes refused for fear they might escape. As a dumbfounded Hawes recalled, “The possibility of an escape at that time was an absurdi­ty. The whole country was flooded.” Sixty Confederate guards signed a petition on behalf of the prisoners. But Jones stood fast, and the prisoners stood shivering in the water for three days before Jones relented and allowed small details to go out and gather timber to build platforms for the men to stand on. Softening a bit more, he also sent 700 prisoners to Selma to ease the overcrowding.

Nine days later, as the last of the waters drained from the stockade grounds, Jones told the incredulous prisoners that he was going to parole them all.

It was no act of charity on Jones’ part; with the war winding down, Grant had relented on prisoner exchanges. For four weeks steam­boats plied the Alabama River with prisoners from Cahaba. Most were taken to a neutral site outside Vicksburg called Camp Fisk to await formal exchange. On April 14, Union department commander Maj. Gen. Napoleon J.T. Dana telegraphed the War Department that 4,700 Federals were at Camp Fisk awaiting transportation home. Of that number, he said, 1,100 were sick, nearly all of whom were from Andersonville. “The rest of the prisoners,” Dana reported, “are in excellent health, the Cahaba prisoners particularly.”

Camp Fisk was the creation of Henderson and his Union counterpart, Colonel A.C. Fisk. When he learned exchanges were to be resu­med, Henderson asked Fisk to send supplies to the prisoners at Cahaba. Fisk suggested instead that Henderson bring the men to neutral ground near Vicksburg, where they would be guaranteed ample rations and medical attention. Henderson agreed and enthusia­stically hastened the transfers.

But the humane work of Henderson and Fisk ended in an unimaginable tragedy. On April 24, the paddle steamer SS Sultana left Vicksburg crammed with approximately 2,000 Union prisoners, more than half of them Cahaba men. The Sultana had bad boilers and a legal capacity of 376 passengers. Early on the morning of April 27, three of the four boilers exploded, and the Sultana sank near Memphis. Two-thirds of those on board died.

The notorious Captain Hanchett had perished several days earlier. With the war over and no one to convene a court-martial of the presumed spy, Colonel Jones took matters into his own hands and murdered Hanchett. Not long after, Jones vanished from history. Federal authorities tried for a year to find him. If they had, Jones might have been the only Confederate prison official besides Ander­sonville Commandant Henry Wirz executed for war crimes.

General Dana made certain no harm came to Colonel Henderson. For as long as he superintended exchanges at Camp Fisk, a battali­on of Union cavalry was assigned as Henderson’s personal bodyguard. But after John Wilkes Booth killed President Lincoln, no Con­federate, no matter how well-meaning, was safe within Union lines. So Dana spirited him across the Mississippi River into a camp of Texas Rangers.

Henderson died in Cincinnati in 1912. Obituaries incorrectly said Henderson had been a Confederate brigadier general and omitted any mention of his duty as commandant of Cahaba prison. No matter. Few readers would have recognized the name Cahaba, and none could have found the place had they wanted. After the flood of 1865, the county seat moved to Selma.

Within a decade white residents had dismantled their homes and churches and moved away. At the turn of the century a former slave bought the abandoned warehouse and demolished it for the bricks. Cahaba prison remained only in memoirs and fading memories.

 

 

Henderson, Isaac:

US-Verleger (Evening Post; s. auch *Bryant; vgl. Welles, II 60; Niven: Gideon Welles, a.a.O., S. 465; West: Gideon Welles, a.a.O., S. 250); US-Navy Agent in New York und Beauftragter des Schatzamtes; ein alter Bekannter von Gideon Welles (Welles, Diary II 54); Henderson war 1864 in einen Betrugs-, Veruntreuungs- und Bestechungsskandal bei Beschaffungsmaßnahmen für die Navy verwi­ckelt, der durch den Sonderermittler Col. Olcott aufgeklärt wurde (vgl. Welles, Diary I 518, 540, 542, II 54, 59, 60, 78, 79, 83, 104, 185, 220, 222, 306).

 

 

Henderson, James M.:

US-LtCol; im März 1863 war Henderson Regimentskommandeur der 33rd Indiana Infantry / Coburn's Brigade und eingesetzt bei Franklin / Tennessee (vgl. Welcher / Ligget: Coburn's Brigade, a.a.O., S. 52); im Mai 1863 erkrankte er schwer, verlor dauerhaft seine Stimme und wurde dienstunfähig (vgl. Welcher / Ligget: Coburn's Brigade, a.a.O., S. 166).

 

 

Hendler, Henry I. (D):

US-Captain; Co. F, 6th Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry (3 months, 1861) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M554 Roll 52). Hendler war deutschstämmig und stellte die Washington Yeagers of Pottsville (= Co. F, 6th Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry), in der viele Deut­sche dienten (vgl. Valuska/Keller: Damn Dutch, a.a.O., S. 215 n7).

 

 

Hendricks, John A.:

US-LtCol, † 7.3.1862; 22nd Indiana Infantry; im Battle of Pea Ridge am 7.3.1862 war das Regiment, welches zur 3rd Division Jef­ferson C. *Davis gehörte; zu Osterhaus' Division, 2nd Brigade *Greusel abgeordnet worden; es war eingesetzt im ersten Teil der Schlacht bei Oberson’s Field (vgl. Shea / Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 104 ff mit Karte S. 98) in Greusel’s Brigade, Osterhaus’ Divisi­on.

 

 

Hendrix, Lee:

CS-Pvt; Co B of the 1st North Carolina Sharpshooter Battalion

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hendrix, Lee: Correspondence, 1862-63.Private in Co. B of the 1st North Carolina Sharpshooter Battalion. Collection consists of eight letters from Hendrix in camp in Front Royal, Virginia, and in a hospital in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Noah Beeson. Writes of lice in the camp and boredom between confrontations with the enemy. Mentions the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862). Trans­cripts available. (Virginia Tech, Univ. Libraries, Special Collections: Civil War guide - Manuscript Sources for Civil War Research in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries Ms90-020).

 

 

Henney, Henry C.:

US-Pvt; Co. A, 55 th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 47; vgl. Osborn: Trials and Triumphs. The Re­cord of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 26 und S. 31/32 Letter of Henry C. Henney, written at Franklin/WVA 14.5.1862).

 

22.9.1838 Ohio - † vor 1927; Sohn von Adam D. Henney (auch Adam Hennige; er änderte seinen 'unaussprechlichen deutschen Na­men' in „Henney“; Rev. Adam Henney; deutschstämmig; 9.3.1794 Pennsylvania - † 7.2.1860, beerd. Rickel Cemetery, Jackson, Ash­land County/Ohio) und Catharine Keserin Rickel (9.4.1798 Lanca­ster oder Bedford/PA - † 26.87.1865 West Salem/Wayne County/PA; Tochter von Michael L. Rickel [Sohn von Georg Michael Rickel aus Sinsheim/Baden) und Maria Catharine Blucher/ Blocher (Tochter von Mathias Blocher aus Gundelshausen und Sophia NN.) (vgl. http://www.medievalroots.com).

 

Photo:

Pvt Henry C. Henney (vgl. Osborn: Trials and Triumphs. The Record of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 32)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Henney, Henry C.: Diary; Civil War Times Illustrated Collection (genannt bei Wert, Jeffry D: The Sword of Lincoln. The Army of the Potomac, a.a.O., S. 507).

 

 

Henney, Samuel:

US-Pvt; Co. A, 55th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 47; vgl. Osborn: Trials and Triumphs. The Re­cord of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 32). † 7.6.1864 nach schwerer Verwundung im Battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 13-15, 1864 (vgl. Osborn: Trials and Triumphs. The Record of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 32)

 

Photo:

Pvt Samuel Henney (vgl. Osborn: Trials and Triumphs. The Record of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 32)

 

 

Henry, Edward M.:

CS-Captain; Co. A, 9th Regiment Virginia Cavalry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 26; vgl. Beale: History of the 9th Virginia Cavalry, a.a.O., S. 11.)

 

16.5.1832 - † 20.6.1905; beerd. Cedar Hill Cemetery, Suffolk /VA; in der Nachkriegszeit war er Mayor of Norfolk/VA (vgl. www.findagrave.com, Abruf vom 21.7.2016).

 

 

Henry, Gustavus A.:

CS-Politiker aus Tennessee; noch auf der Whig National Convention in Baltimore am 9.5.1860 trat Senator Henry entschieden für die Union ein; he declared his willingness to dy for the union. And yet, eighteen months after that, he took his seat as senator of Tennessee in the Confederate Congress (vgl. Temple: East Tennessee in the Civil War, p. 123).

 

Temple, früherer Governor von Tennessee, favorisierte zunächst die Ernennung von Gen. Sidney Albert Johnston zum Department Commander des Department Nr. 2 (westli­cher Kriegsschauplatz), trat aber nach dem Fall von Fort Henry und Fort Donelson sowie der Räumung von Nashville / Tennessee im Februar 1862 für dessen Absetzung ein (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 49).

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Henry, Gustavus A.: Papers (Tennessee State Library & Archives, TSLA)

 

 

Herbert, Hilary A.:

CS-Col; Co. F&S, 8th Regiment Alabama Infantry; zunächst Captain Co. F (vgl. National Park Soldiers M374 Roll 20).

 

Urkunden/Documents/Literature::

- **Fortin, Maurice S., ed.: “Colonel Hilary A. Herbert’s ‘History of the 8th Alabama Volunteer Regiment, CSA’” (Alabama Historical Quarterly 39 [1977], S. 5-321

- **Herbert, Hilary A.: History of the 8th Alabama Volunteer Infantry Regiment scrapbook, ca. 1905; Birmingham, Alabama, Public Library

 

 

Herbert, Ignatius:

US-Pvt; Co. C, 4th Regiment Maryland Infantry (old) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M388 Roll 5).

 

 

Herbert, John:

US-Pvt; Co. F,C,H, 3rd Regiment Maryland Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M388 Roll 5).

 

 

Herbert, J. R.:

CS-LtCol; 1st Maryland Infantry Battalion / Brigade George H. Steuart / Division MajGen Edward Johnson / II. Army Corps Ewell / Lee's Army of Northern Virginia (vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 460)

 

 

Herndon, William H.:

Lawyer, Partner Lincoln's (Hattaway/Jones: How the North Won, a.a.O., S. 4)

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Donald, David: Lincoln's Herndon (New York: Knopf, 1948)

- Herndon, William H. and Jesse Weik: Herndon's Life of Lincoln; DaCapo Press - Reprint of 1889 original - New Introduction by Henry Steele Commager - 650 pp

 

 

Herrick, Thomas P.:

US-Col; 7th Kansas Cavalry (Jennison's Jayhawkers), 1861 Captain und Kompaniechef Co. A. (vgl. Starr, Jennison's Jayhawkers, a.a.O., S. 65). 1863 Col 7th Kansas Cavalry

 

 

Herron, D. L.:

CS-LtCol; † 6.4.1862 in Shiloh; Blythe's Mississippi Infantry Regiment. Major Blythe stellte im Sommer 1861 das 1st Mississippi (Blythe's) Infantry Battalion auf. Dieses wurde vergrößert im Herbst 1861 in Blythe's Infantry Regiment umbenannt; Blythe wurde Col des Regiments (vgl. Sifakis, Compendium of the Confederate Armies, Mississippi, a.a.O., Nr. 125). Im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh gehörte das Regiment zur 1st Brigade BrigGen Bushrod R. Johnson I. Army Corps MajGen Leonidas Polk in A. S. Johnston's Army of the Mississippi. Am 6.4.1862 gegen 9:30 nahm das Regiment teil am Angriff bei Rea Field auf die US-Trup­pen. Blythe ist hierbei gefallen und LtCol D. L. Herron wurde tödlich verwundet (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 169).

 

 

Herron, Francis J.:

US-MajGen; während der Pea Ridge Campaign 1862 war Herron LtCol der 9th Iowa Infantry in Col William *Vandever's Brigade in Col Eugene A. *Carr's 4th Division in Samuel R. *Curtis Army of the Southwest (vgl. Shea / Hess, a.a.O., S. 333)

 

zur Feindschaft zwischen MajGen Schofield und Herron: s. Schofield: Forty-Six Years, a.a.O., S. 64

 

 

Herron, Nathaniel:

US-Captain; Co. A, 72nd Regiment Indiana Infantry (vgl. Magee: Seventy-Second Indiana, a.a.O., S. 8).

 

13.8.1834 - † 17.2.1893, beerd. Beatrice Cemetery, Beatrice, Gage County / Nebrasca (vgl. www.findagrav.com)

 

 

Herron, William:

US-Pvt; Co C, 85th Indiana Infantry Regiment (vgl. Welcher / Ligget: Coburn's Brigade, a.a.O., S. 106)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Herron, William: Reminiscenses of the Eighty-Fifth Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry, printed at the Sullivan Union Office, Sullivan, Indiana, 1874

 

 

Hertle, Daniel:

US-Journalist; 9.6.1821 Pfalz / Deutschland - † 1875 (?) Pfalz / Deutschland; Sohn von Joh. Conrad *Hertle und Susanne *Pistor; Da­niel Hertle ist als ehelich eingetragen, obwohl sein Vater schon über ein Jahr gestorben war. Rechtskandidat in Frankenthal; 1849 Zi­vilkommissär in Homburg; 1848 Mitbegründer des Demokratischen Vereins Frankenthal; 1849 geschäftsführ. Kreisausschuß Volksver­ein; 1849 Nachfolger von Carl Witt; Volkswehr Hauptmann; Flucht in die USA; zunächst erfolglos Rechtsanwalt in New York; 11/2 Jahre Redakteur in Albany / N. Y.; dann in St. Louis; 1855 Präsident der Turner in USA; Mitredakteur bei Hillgärtner in der "Illinois Staatszeitung in Chicago; dessen Nachfolger bis 1858; 1858 Rechtsanwalt in Chicago; 1858 bei Hillgärtner in der "West­lichen Post"; 1864/65 in *Belleville (Stadt im St. Clair County / Illinois am Mississippi River, gegenüber von St. Louis). Autor von "Die Deut­schen in Nordamerika und ihr Freiheitskampf in Missouri" (Chicago, 1865). 1870/71 noch in den USA; Rückkehr nach Deutschland; Redakteur in Mannheim. verschollen in den Alpen, Selbstmord im Chiemsee (?); verlobt mit Emma +Lehmann (1827-1867), der Tochter des konservativen Frankenthaler Bürgermeisters Carl Lehmann (vgl. Böttcher, Rudolf H.: Die Familienbande der pfälzischen Revolution 1848/49: ein Beitrag zur Sozialgeschichte einer bürgerlichen Revolution; in: Pfälz.-rheinische Familienkunde 1999, 259, 293).

 

 

Heth, Henry:

CS-BrigGen; *1825 in Virginia - 1899; Heth war West Point Graduierter, wo er in seinem ersten Jahr beschuldigt wurde, den Namen Gottes mißbraucht zu haben (vgl. Waugh: The Class of 1846, a.a.O., S. 44); engster Freund von Ambrose A. Burnside; West Point 1847 (38/38); er war letzter seines Jahrgangs, wohl wegen der hohen Zahl von Verweisen, die er seiner impulsiven Art zu verdanken hatte (vgl. Morrison, James L.: Introduction to Heth, Memoirs, a.a.O., S. lvii-lviii; vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 598 Anm. 69); 1847 2nd Lieutenant zunächst in der 2nd US-Infantry, dann 6th Infantry; Mexikokrieg ohne Kampferfahrung; 1st Lieutenant 1853, eingesetzt an der Frontier, Regimental Quartermaster 1854-55; Captain 10th US-Infantry 1855-61; nach Ausbruch der Sezession trat er zurück und schloß sich der Konföderation an; Col 45th Virginia Infantry; BrigGen Januar 1862. Heth war ein junger Vorkriegsoffi­zier aus Virginia; seine Hauptqualifikation scheint seine Freundschaft mit CS-Präsident Davis gewesen zu sein (Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 20). Davis beabsichtigte Ende 1861 / Anfang 1862 Col. Heth zum Befehlshaber in der Trans-Mississippi-Region einzusetzen unter Ablösung von *McCulloch. Diese Absicht scheiterte jedoch am Widerstand der Kongreßmitglieder aus Arkansas und Missouri. Bei Lewisburg/West-Virginia siegen Unionstruppen unter George *Crook am 23.5.1862 über die von sionstruppen. Danach eingesetzt in East-Tennessee, anschließend Teilnahme an der Invasion in Kentucky unter Gen. Kirby E. Smith. Nachdem sei­ne Beförderung zum MajGen vom CS-Senat im Oktober 1862 abgelehnt worden war, erreichte Heth seine Versetzung in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia im Januar 1863, wo er zunächst eine Brigade in Gen. A. P. Hill's Division führte. Nach der Neuorganisation von Lee's Army nach dem Tod von Stonewall Jackson bei Chancellorsville 1863 übernahm Heth eine Division in Hill's 3rd Corps. Maj­Gen seit Mai 1863. Kommandeur von Heth’s Division während der Gettysburg Campaign, die die Schlacht eröffnete, im weiteren Verlauf der Schlacht von Gettysburg kommandiert von BrigGen *Pettigrew, wegen Verwundung von Heth durch eine Kopfverlet­zung. Heth bestand allerdings darauf, bei der Schlacht anwesend zu sein, obwohl er befehlsgemäß seine Division nicht führen durfte (vgl. Fremantle: Three Months, a.a.O., S. 257). Heth führte seine Division erneut nach der Schlacht, die Nachhut während Lee's Rückzug bildete. Heth erlitt hierbei eine Niederlage bei Falling Waters. 1864 führte Heth seine Division während der Kämpfe in Vir­ginia 1864 und vor Petersburg bis zur Übergabe bei Appomattox 1865.

 

Though possessing the right education and the proper pedigree, Henry Heth never fulfilled his early promise. He remained, throug­hout his career, an overly optimistic battlefield tactician, prone to ignore prudence and consistently willig to make uncoordinated at­tacks without consulting his superiors (vgl. Newton: McPherson's Ridge, a.a.O., S. 25).

 

Heth kritisierte den Einsatz von Guerilla und Rangertruppen auf CS-Seite hart, so in einem Brief von BrigGen Henry *Heth, Kom­mandeur des Bezirks Lewisburg / Virginia an Gouverneur Fletcher als „beeing not better than bands of robbers and plunderers“ (Zitat nach Haggman, Bertil: Confederate Irregular Warfare 1861-1865. Partizan Rangers Units and Guerilla Commands, Internetdatei).

 

Heth war bei Gettysburg kommandierender General von Heth's Division in Hill's Corps (Brigaden BrigGen James J. *Archer und BrigGen Joseph R. *Davis) und führte am 1. Tag den CS-Angriff bei McPherson's Ridge gegen Buford's Cavalry und Teile von *Reynold's I. Corps. Bei den Kämpfen wurde Archer's Brigade in McPherson's Woods durch Truppen der Iron Brigade zurückge­schlagen und BrigGen *Archer gefangen genommen.

 

In der Nachkriegszeit war Heth in der Versicherungsbranche tätig und diente später der US-Regierung als Surveyor und im Office of Indian Affairs.

 

Photo:

Col Henry Heth, Regimentskommandeur 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment (aus Library of the Congress, Washington/DC)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Heth, Henry: Letter to Rev. J. William Jones, June 1877, "Causes of Lee's Defeat at Gettysburg;" Southern Historical Papers, Wil­liam Jo­nes et al. (eds.), 1876-1930, Richmond 4 (1877): 153-54

- Heth, Henry: The Memoirs Henry Heth (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974)

- Heth, Henry: "Letter from Major General Henry Heth of A. P. Hill's Corps, A.N.V."; SHSP, vol. 4 (1877), S. 151-160

- Morrison, James L., ed.: The Memoirs of Henry Heth, Westport Conn., 1974

- Wilson: Pettigrew, a.a.O., S. 54-55

 

 

Heth, Robert:

CS-Pvt, Co. A, 1st Virginia Infantry Regiment (Williams Rifles) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 26)

 

 

Heth, Ro:

CS-Pvt, Co. E, 3rd Regiment Virginia Infantry, Local Defense (Henley's) (McAnerney's) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 26)

 

 

Hewitt, Abram S.:

Vorkriegspolitiker, Lobbyist in Washington; Hewitt trat für Schutzzölle (*Tariffs) und gegen den Freihandel ein. Er war Vertreter der amerikanischen Stahlindustrie, die sich in der Wirtschaftskrise von 1856-57 gegen die Einfuhr von billigem britischen Stahl, Eisen und Eisenbahnschienen wandte (vgl. Nevins, Emergence of Lincoln, vol. I, a.a.O., S. 226).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Nevins: Hewitt

 

 

Hewitt, James W.:

CS-LtCol; 2nd Kentucky Infantry; gefallen bei Chickamauga am 20.9.1863 (vgl. Davis: Jackman Diary, a.a.O., S. 18 Anm. 14).

 

 

Hickenlooper, Andrew:

US-BrigGen; 1837-1900; aus Ohio; (+++ Boatner, a.a.O., S. 398); im Frühjahr 1862 war Captain Hickenlooper Batteriechef der 5th Ohio Battery (Hickenlooper's Battery); die Einheit gehörte im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh zur 6th Division BrigGen Ben­jamin M. *Prentiss in Grant's Army of the Tennessee (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 320); am Morgen des 6.4.1862 wurde die Batte­rie zur Abwehr des CS-Angriffs bei Spain Field östlich der Eastern Corinth Road neben der 18th Wisconsin Infantry 2nd Brigade Col Madison Miller eingesetzt (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 153, 155 mit Karte S. 146); 1864 Captain und Chief of Engineers im Stab Sherman's während der Meridian Campaign vom Februar 1864. In dieser Funktion war Hickenlooper zuständig für die vollständige Zerstörung von Meridian und der umliegenden Eisenbahnstrecken (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 52).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hickenlooper, A. (Brevet Brigadier General): "Our Volunteer Engineers"; in: Ohio MOLLUS Sketches of War History Volume Three, 1861-1865. Papers read before the Ohio Commandary of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 1888-1890. Edited by Robert Hunter, late Captain U.S.V., Recorder. Published by the Commandery. Volume Three. Cincinnati. Robert Clarke and Company. 1890. Reprinted by Broadfoot Publishing Co. NC. 1991

- Hickenlooper, Andrew: Battle of Shiloh (posthum erschienen 1903); Ohio MOLLUS Sketches of War History Volume Five, Sket­ches of War History, 1861-1865. Papers read before the Ohio Commandary of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 1896-1903. Edited by Major W. H. Chamberlin, Brevet Major, A.M. Van Dyke and Captain George A. Thayer, Publication Committee. Published by the Commandery. Volume Five. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke and Company. 1903. Reprinted by Broadfoot Publishing Co. NC. 1992

 

 

Hickman, William P.:

CS-+++; (1810-64), a Presbyterian preacher who ministered to congregations in Wythe, Pulaski, and Montgomery counties, Virginia, until his death in May 1864, fighting with the Confederate forces at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain.

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hickman Family: Newsletters and Papers, 1995-98. Family newsletters written by H. William Gabriel of Florence, Montana, about his research into the history of the Hickman family of Back Creek, Bath County, Virginia. Includes extensive information about Wil­liam P. Hickman (1810-64), a Presbyterian preacher who ministered to congregations in Wythe, Pulaski, and Montgomery counties, Virginia, until his death in May 1864, fighting with the Confederate forces at the Battle of Cloyd's Mountain. (Virginia Tech, Univ. Libraries, Special Collections: Civil War guide. Manuscript Sources for Civil War Research in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries Ms 98-007).

 

 

Hickock, James „Wild Bill“:

++++spielte entgegen der oftmals vertretenen Ansicht keine Rolle im Battle of Pea Ridge (Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 66)

 

 

Hicks, Stephen G.:

US-Col; Co. F&S, 40th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 40).

 

Hicks war ein Militia-Officer, der eine tiefe Abneigung gegen Berufsoffiziere hatte, die auf den Mexikokrieg zurückreichte; im Früh­jahr 1862 Brigadekommandeur der 1st Brigade in der neu aufgestellten 5th Division Sherman; Sherman lies Hicks für mehre­re Wo­chen in Arrest setzen, weil Hicks die Disziplin seiner Truppen in Paducah vernachlässigt hatte (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 75).

 

Hicks' Brigade umfaßte folgende Regimenter (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 75):

- 40th Illinois Infantry Regiment

- 46th Illinois Infantry Regiment

- 48th Ohio Infantry Regiment

 

Im Battle of Shiloh war Hicks Col 40th Ohio Infantry 1st Brigade McDowell 5th Division Sherman (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 172); das Regiment wurde am Morgen des 6.4.1862 nach links in die Lücke zwischen 4th Brigade Buckland und 1st Brigade McDo­well hinter die 72nd Ohio Infantry aus Buckland’s Brigade südlich der Purdy-Hamburg Road und westlich von Shiloh Church ge­schoben (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 172).

 

Das Regiment focht im Battle of Shiloh am 6.4.1862 einen verbissenen Abwehrkampf bei Shiloh Church. Nachdem das Regiment auf beiden Seiten von CS-Truppen flankiert und fast umzingelt war, wurde es in direkter Front von einer vorgezogenen CS-Battery beschossen. Col Hicks ordnete daraufhin einen Bajonett-Angriff auf diese Battery an. Der Angriff scheiterte und das Regiment, das sich inzwischen verschossen hatte, mußte sich zurückziehen, bei Verlusten von mehr als 50% der Gesamtstärke (vgl. Hicken: Illinois in the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 56). Anschließend war die 40th Illinois im Rahmen der neuen US-Verteidigungslinien mit den Truppen aus der 1st Division MajGen John A McClernand und der 5th Division BrigGen William T. Sherman nördlich im Raum um Jones Field und Sowell Field eingesetzt. Die 40th Illinois Infantry bildete in Jones Field zum Schutz der dort aufgefahrenen US-Artillery Ezra *Taylor’s eingesetzt. Nachdem die am rechten US-Flügel eingesetzte 46th Ohio Infantry unter Col. Thomas *Worthington während des US-Gegenangriffs in einen Flankierungsangriff der CS-Truppen geraten war und unter großen Schwierigkeiten zurückging, wur­de die 40th Illinois zur Verstärkung der 46th Ohio Infantry eingesetzt. Das Regiment geriet nun ebenfalls in den energisch geführten CS-Angriff und erlitt erhebliche Verluste. Hicks erlitt einen Schulterdurchschuß (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 189).

 

 

Hicks, Thomas H.:

1789-1865; Governor von Maryland von 1858-62; Hicks erklärte, daß Maryland zur Union stehe und weigerte sich das Parlament einzuberufen, da er annahm, daß eine solche Maßnahme die Sezession unterstützen werde (Guernsey / Alden: (ed.): Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 39; Nevins: Ordeal of the Union; Vol. III: Improvised War, a.a.O., S. 13)

 

Hicks was (after John Brown's attack on the army depot in Harper's Ferry) accused of not sending the militia quickly enough (vgl. Baker: Politics of Continuity, a.a.O., S. 26n29), as Robert E. Lee pointed out in his Letterbooks, the Maryland troops did little except to hunt for the carbines hidden by Brown (vgl. Lee: to Colonel S. Cooper, 24.12.1859; in: „Letterbooks“, Lee Papers, Historical Society of Virginia, Richmond, Va.; vgl. Baker: Politics of Continuity, a.a.O., S. 26n29).

 

 

Higby, Harrison O.:

US-Pvt (?); Co. C, 1st US-Sharpshooters (Berdan’s Sharpshooters) (vgl. Stevens: Berdan’s US-Sharpshooters in the Army of the Potomac, a.a.O., S. 344; Anm: bei National Park Soldiers not mentioned); † 18.7.1863 nach tödlicher Verwundung bei Gettysburg.

 

 

Higginbotham, John Carlton:

CS-Major; beim Vorstoß Jackson's gegen Pope's Army of Virginia Anfang August 1862 und beim Battle of Cedar Mountain am 9.8.1862 war Higginbotham Regimentskommandeur der 25th Virginia Infantry (Early's Brigade). Er wurde hierbei verwundet (vgl. Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 195).

 

 

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth:

US-Col; Pfarrer und Abolitionist aus Boston. Er kämpfte 1854 in Boston gewaltsam gegen die Rückführung des aus dem Süden ent­flohenen Sklaven Anthony Burns aufgrund des Fugitive Slave Act (McPherson: Für die Freiheit, a.a.O., S. 109). Col 1st South Caro­lina (Coloured Troops) (vgl. Weaver: Thank God my Regiment is an African One, a.a.O., S. xix).

 

Higginson was a preacher and abolitionist who fought in Kansas and was sent to S. Carolina to form this regiment from 800 slaves and a handful of freedmen. This unit mostly participated in skirmishes against Confederate irregulars

 

Documents/Literature::

- Edelstein, Tilden G.: Strange Enthusiasm. A Life of Thomas Wentworth Higginson (New Haven, 1968)

- Higginson, Thomas Wentworth: Army Life in a Black Regiment (1869; sowie Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1900; reprinted New York 1984)

- Higginson, Thomas Wentworth: Massachusetts in the Army and Navy 1861-1865 (Boston 1896, First Edition), 2 vols.

- Higginson, Thomas W.: Cheerful Yesterdays (Houghton Mifflin: Boston, 1898). Autobiography of famous abolitionist Colonel who formed the 1st South Carolina Black Infantry Regiment, friend of poet Emily Dickinson and author of "Army Life in A Black Re­giment"

- Pease, Jane H. und William Pease: The Fugitive Slave Law and Anthony Burns (Philadelphia, 1975)

- Weaver: Thank God my Regiment is an African One, a.a.O., S. xix

 

 

Hight, John J.:

Us-Chaplain; 58th Indiana Infantry (vgl. Castel: Decision in th West, a.a.O., S. 265, 267, 359)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Castel: Decision in th West, a.a.O., S. 265, 267, 359

- Hight, John J.: History of the Fifty-eighth Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry (Princeton / Indiana: Press of the Clarion, 1895)

 

 

Hightower, Harvey Hudson:

CS-Pvt; Co. G, 20th Regiment Georgia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M226 Roll 29).

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Hightower, Harvey Hudson (Pvt, 20th Regiment Georgia Infantry): "Letters from Hightower, Harvey Hudson, a Confederate Soldier, 1862-1864"; ed. Dewey W. Grant­ham, Jr., Georgia Historical Quarterly 40 (June 1956), S. 180

 

 

Hightower, Thomas M.:

CS-+++, 21st Georgia Infantry

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hightower, Thomas M.: Letters. Unpublished wartime letters of Thomas M. Hightower, a member of the 21st Georgia Infantry, scattered dates (Georgia Department of Archives and History, Atlanta / Ga.)

 

 

Higley, Edwin Hall:

US-Major; zunächst Sergeant, dann 2nd Lieutenant und im September 1862 Adjutant 1st Vermont Cavalry Regiment (vgl. Ledoux: „Quite ready to be sent somewhere“. The Civil War Letters of Aldace Free­man Walker, a.a.O., S. 26 mit Anm. S. 43 Nr. 7, S. 29).

 

Service: enl 9/30/61, m/i 11/19/61, 1SGT, Co. K, 1st VT CAV, comn 2LT, 7/16/62 (7/28/62), wdd, Weldon Railroad, 6/23/64, pow, Nottoway Court House, 6/23/64, Columbia, SC, prld 3/1/65, Bvt 1LT, Bvt CPT, and Bvt MAJ, each to date from 3/13/65, for gallant and meritorious service during the war; m/o 5/15/65, SOWD [College: MC 65] (vgl. http://vermontcivilwar.org/get.php?input=2954).

 

Enlisted on 9/30/1861 as a 1st Sergeant.
On 11/19/1861 he mustered into "K" Co. VT 1st Cavalry
He was discharged on 5/15/1865
He was listed as:
POW 6/23/1864 Nottoway Court House, VA (Paroled)
Wounded 6/23/1864 Nottoway Court House, VA
Paroled 3/1/1865 (place not stated)
Promotions:
2nd Lieut 7/16/1862 
Capt 4/14/1865 
Member of GAR Post # 115 (E. S. Clark) in Groton, MA

15.2.1843 Castleton - † 30.3.1905 Castleton/Vermont. Higley, Edwin Hall, of Groton, Mass., son of Rev. Harvey O. and Sarah (Litt­le) Higley, was born in Castleton, Feb. 15, 1843. 
He received his preparatory education at Castleton Seminary, and then entered Middlebury College, where he graduated in the class of 1868. For the next four years he studied music and philology in Boston and Cambridge, and from 1882 to 1884 at the Royal Con­servatory of Leipsic, in Germany. 

He enlisted in Co. K, 1st Vt. Cavalry. During his service he was detailed as adjutant and as regimental commissary and in the latter part of 1863 acted as brigade ordnance officer on the staff of Gen. G. A. Custer. 

During Kilpatrick's raid he commanded a section of Battery C, 3d U. S. Artillery and had the satisfaction of shelling the rebel capitol. He was wounded and taken prisoner June 29, 1864, after having participated in most of the cavalry engagements of the Army of the Potomac in the campaigns of Pope, second Bull Run, Gettysburg and the Wilderness. Exchanged March 1, 1865, he was commissio­ned captain of Co. K, and soon after brevet major for gallant and meritorious service during the war.

From 1868 to 1872 Major Higley taught music in Boston, Mass., and then accepted a professorship of German and Greek in Middle­bury College, where he remained ten years. After his return from Europe, he was teacher of music and organist in Worcester, Mass. In 1886 he came to Groton School as Greek and German instructor and as choir master and organist, which position he holds up to the present time.

He married, June 2, 1870, in Middlebury, Jane S., daughter of Oliver and Jane (Shepard) Turner (aus www.findagrave)

 

Photo:

Major Edwin Hall Higley (aus www.findagrave.com)

 

 

Hildebrand, Jesse:

US-Col; geboren 1800; Hildebrand war im Battle of Shiloh 62 Jahre alt; in der vorkriegszeit Postkutschenfahrer, Geschäftsmann und Sheriff, diente als Mail Agent auf der Eisenbahnlinie zwischen Marietta und Cincinnati. MajGen der Ohio Miliz und militärische Er­fahrung (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 132). Col 77th Ohio Infantry. Im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh war Hildebrand Bri­gadekommandeur 3rd Brigade Hildebrand 5th Division BrigGen William T. Sherman in Grant's Army of the Tennessee (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 320, 131)

 

Teilnahme an Sherman's Vorstoß nach Eastport und Chickasaw Anfang April 1862. Sherman erhielt am 1.4.1862 den Befehl per Schiffstransport nach Eastport und Chickasaw vorzustoßen und die für den Süden kriegswichtige Hauptverbindungslinie in West-Ost-Richtung, die Memphis & Charleston RR zu unterbrechen (vgl. Sherman: Memoirs, a.a.O., Vol. I, S. 255; Bearss: Hardluck Ironclad, a.a.O., S. 47).

 

 

Hilgard, Heinrich:

US-Journalist; stammte aus Speyer; Hilgard heiratete 1866 Fanny Garrison, die Tochter von William Lloyd *Garrison (vgl. Kukatzki, Bernhard: "Pfälzer im Amerikanischen Bürgerkrieg", Teil II, in: Pfälzisch-Rheinische Familienkunde 2003, Heft 5, S. 298).

 

 

Hill, Adams:

US-Journalist in Washington; Büroleiter der New York Tribune; Hill charakterisiert in einem Brief vom 1.9.1862 an seinen Managing Direktor, S. H. Gay, die Stimmung in Washington nach der Niederlage von 2nd Bull Run (vgl. Sears: Landscape Turned Red, a.a.O., S. 13; vgl. Sears: Contraversies & Commanders, a.a.O., S. 77).

 

 

Hill, Alonzo F.:

US-+++, 8th Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. Nosworthy: Bloody Crucible, a.a.O., S. 217, 223) +++prüfen: nach Hill: 8th Pennsylvania Reserves = 37th Pennsylvania Infantry+++

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Hill, Alonzo F.: Our Boys: The Personal Experience of a Soldier in the Army of the Potomac (Philadelphia, 1864)

 

 

Hill, Abram Blanton:

CS-Captain; Co D 15th Alabama Infantry; gefallen Fussell’s Mill

 

 

Hills, Adams:

Head of the Washington Bureau of the New York Tribune (vgl. Sears: Controversies and Commanders, a.a.O., S. 77)

 

 

Hill, Ambrose Powell:

CS-LtGen; 1825 - 2.4.1845 vor Petersburg; Geburtsort umstritten (vgl. Hassler: A. P. Hill: Lee’s Forgotten General, , a.a.O., S. 8 Anm. 3); Hill stammt aus Virginia (vgl. Boatner: Dictionary, a.a.O., S. 400); West Point Jahrgang 1846 (15/28); sein Stubenkamerad war der spä­tere US-MajGen McClellan; Mexikove­teran aus Culpeper/Virginia; Teilnahme am Krieg gegen Mexiko und am Seminolenkrieg; in den Florida-Sümpfen am gelben Fieber erkrankt, wurde er nach Genesung 1855 als Oberleutnant zum US Coast Survey Office in Washington versetzt; in Konkurrenz mit McClellan warb er um Ellen Marcy, Tochter von Captain Marcy, mit der er sich verlobte; die Verbindung scheiterte auf Drängen Cap­tain Marcy’s wegen der finanziellen Verhältnisse von Hill’s Familie, die in „very moderate circumstances“ lebte; Ellen Marcy heira­tete McClellan, während Hill mit der reichen und jungen Witwe Kitty Morgen McClung die Ehe schloß.

 

Bei Beginn des Bürgerkriegs entschied sich Hill für den Süden und wurde zum Colonel des 13th Virginia Infantry gewählt, und wur­de bald darauf Brigadekommandeur. Aufgrund seiner Aggressivität und seines militärischen Könnens wurde er nach der Schlacht von Williamsburg (Hill’s Truppen durchbrachen die Unionsfront und sicherten den CS-Sieg) zum MajGen befördert. Hill hatte die Zu­rückweisung durch Ellen (Nelly) Marcy und deren Heirat mit McClellan nicht verwunden, denn in den Kämpfen mit McClellans Truppen hörte ihn ein CS-Soldat ausrufen: „For God’s sake, Nelly - why didn’t you marry him“. Hill trägt die Hauptlast während der Schlacht der Seven Days, und sein Furor bellum bewährte sich auch in den Schlachten von 2nd Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg und Chancellorsville. Hill wurde als Divisionskommandeur einer von Lees bevorzugten Generälen. Nach „Stonewall“ Jacksons Tod erhält er dessen Kommando. Hill kommandierte er das neu aufgestellte III. Corps der Army of the Northern Virginia in *Gettysburg (vgl. zum Auswahlprozeß und Lee's Entscheidung bei der Besetzung der Corps-Kommandeursstellen nach Jackson's Tod: Freeman: R. E. Lee, a.a.O., vol. III, S. 8 ff.). Alle seine Siege waren von blutigen Verlusten begleitet. Bei Bristoe Station verlor er 1300 Mann. Hill kämpfte in der Wilderness, und Petersburg, mußte jedoch dann aufgrund Erkrankung einen langen Erholungsurlaub antreten. Hill ist vor Petersburg gefallen am 2.4.1865.

 

Während der Seven Days Battle Juni 1862 kommandierte Porter das auf ausdrücklichen Befehl aus Washington an McClellan auf der Nordseite des Chickahominy isoliert eingesetzte V. Corps Porter's in den Schlachten von Mechanicsville (26.6.1862) und Gaines Mill (27.6.1862). General Lee versuchte hier während McClellan's Peninsular Campaign einen entscheidenden Schlag zu führen. Als Ab­lenkung setzte Lee die Corps Huger und Magruder mit 25000 Mann auf die südlich des Chickahominy stehenden vier Army Corps McClellans an, während er gleichzeitig die Army Corps von Longstreet, D. H. Hill und A. P. Hill zum Frontalangriff auf Porter's Corps einsetzte (Karte und Kurzbeschreibung bei: Symonds, Battlefield Atlas, a.a.O., S. 34-35). Den entscheidenden Schlag sollte Jackson führen, dessen überraschend vom Shenandoah Tal herangezogenes Corps von Norden angreifend, Porter's rechte Flanke ver­nichten sollte (auf Veranlassung Lee's berichteten die Zeitungen in Richmond, Jackson habe im Shenandoah Valley erhebliche Ver­stärkungen zum Vorgehen gegen Washington erhalten). Entscheidend für den Erfolg war das energische Vorgehen Magruder's wäh­rend seines Ablenkungsangriffs gegen die Masse der US-Armee (hervorragend ausgeführt) und die Abstimmung zwischen A. P Hill's und Jackson's Corps. Tatsächlich erfolgte ein abgestimmtes Vorgehen zwischen Jackson und Hill auch nicht ansatzweise. Der Angriff von Hill gegen die extrem starken US-Stellungen am Beaver Dam Creek erfolgte isoliert, während sich Jackson's Truppen ins Biwak begaben und jede Unterstützung unterblieb (vgl. Symonds: Battlefield Atlas, a.a.O., S. 35; Eisenschiml, a.a.O., S. 35; Hill, Daniel E.: in: Battles & Leaders Vol. II, S. 347-365).

 

Als nach der Schlachten der Seven Days 'Richmond Examiner' den Einsatz von Hill über die Maßen lobte (ein Redakteur des Exami­ner diente zeitweise in Hill's Stab), wurde Longstreet derart verärgert, daß er seinen Adjutant General Sorrel veranlaßte, unter Sorrel's Namen in der Zeitung 'The Whig' eine widersprechende Darstellung zu veröffentlichen. Hill gab daraufhin bekannt, daß er sich künf­tig weigern werde, mit Sorrel dienstlich zu verkehren. Hill reichte Befehle des Hauptquartiers Longstreet's, die Sorrel unterzeichnete hatte, mit einem entsprechenden Vermerk zurück. Als sich dieser Vorgang trotz eines Befehls Longstreet's wiederholte, ließ Longstreet Hill durch Sorrel festnehmen und unter Arrest stellen, und übertrug das Kommando über die Division an Joseph R. Ander­son (vgl. Sorrel: At the Right Hand of Longstreet, a.a.O., S. 85-88; vgl. Freeman: Lee, a.a.O., vol. 2, S. 257; vgl. OR 11 [3] S. 639-40, 651; vgl. OR 11 [2] S. 590). Nach Vermittlungsversuchen zwischen Longstreet und Hill, wurde Hill's Division aus Longstreet's Corps herausge­nommen und Jackson's Corps unterstellt (Longstreet erwähnt in seinen Memoiren nur die Tatsache, nicht die Hintergründe; vgl. Longstreet: From Manassas, a.a.O., S .156).

 

Hill und Jackson gehörten zur West Point Klasse von 1846 (vgl. Waugh: The Class of 1846, a.a.O.). Ihr Verhältnis war bis zur Unterstellung Hill's unter Jackson's Kommando im Juli 1862 formal und nur gelegentlich, da Hill zuvor nie unter Jackson gedient hatte (vgl. Hass­ler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. 74). Zur Auseinandersetzung zwischen beiden kam es während des Vormarsches gegen Pope am 8.8.1862. Jackson hatte die Marschfolge seiner Divisionen im Vormarsch befohlen, wonach Hill's Division derjenigen von Ewell folgen sollte, dann aber, ohne Hill zu unterrichten, die Marschfolge geändert. Als die Division Winder an Hill vorbei marschierte, bemerkte Hill dies, nachdem ein Teil der Division die Spitzen von Hill's Division passiert hatte. Hill entschloß sich daraufhin, die Divisionen nicht zu vermischen, sondern Winder's Division passieren zu lassen. Seine Division schloß sich sodann derjenigen von Winder an. Ewell's Division die bei Liberty Mills westlich von Orange Court House aufgebrochen war (vgl. Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants, a.a.O., vol. 2, S. 12-15; 7-11; vgl. Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 25 mit Karte S. 18; vgl. Hassler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. 73-74; vgl. Wood, Civil War Generalship, a.a.O., S. 34-35), kreuzte die Vormarschstraße der Divisionen Winder und Hill, weshalb es beim Flußübergang bei Barney's Ford über den Rapidan zu einem Stau der Divisionen kam. Ewell hatte mit einem Teil seiner Truppen bereits am 7.8.1862 den Fluß an die­ser Stelle überschritten (vgl. Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 25), die restlichen Truppen­teile überquerten den Fluß am 8.8.1862 (vgl. Hassler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. 76). Da Hill auch den Durchmarsch des Trains der Division Winder ab­wartete, kam es zu erheblichen weiteren Verzögerung. Hill hatte Jackson, der diesbezüglich keinen Befehl gegeben hatte, dahin ver­standen, daß dieser die Trains bei seinen Divisionen haben wollte (vgl. Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 28). Die Folge war, daß Hill's Division nur ca 1 Meile am 8.8.1862 marschieren konnte. Umstritten und nicht mehr zu klären ist die Frage, ob Hill hierauf einen Befehl Jack­son's erhielt, zum Ausgangspunkt bei Orange Court House zu­rückzukehren und dort zu biwakieren (Hassler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. 76; Letter from Hill to Major A. S. *Pendleton vom 13.3.1863. Das Original befindet sich im Besitz der Virginia Historical Society). Jackson verneinte später einen solchen Befehl gegeben zu haben und be­hauptete demgegenüber, er habe Hill mündliche und schriftliche Befehle zum weiteren Vormarsch gegeben (vgl. Hassler: Ce­dar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 76). Diese Vorgänge und die hieraus resultierenden Vorwürfe führten in der Folge zur Zerrüttung des Verhältnisses zwischen Hill und Jackson (vgl. Hassler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. 76; vgl. Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 29; vgl. auch Waugh: The Class of 1846, a.a.O., S. 424 ff). Jackson nahm u.a. die Vor­gänge vom 8.8.1862 zum Anlaß, ein Kriegsgerichtsverfahren gegen Hill einzuleiten, deren erster Anklagepunkt die an­gebliche Be­fehlsverweigerung Hill's am 8.8.1862 war (Anklageschrift abgedruckt bei Hassler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., Appendix). Auch in der Folge gingen die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Hill und Jackson weiter. Bei Beginn der Maryland Campaign kam es erneut zum Streit und zur Fest­nahme Hill's (zu den Einzelheiten vgl. Hassler: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. 97-98). Hill blieb in Arrest bis Jackson's Corps beim Angriff auf Harper's Ferry den Potomac am 11.9.1862 bei Williamsport überquerte (vgl. Sears: Landscape Turned Red, a.a.O., S. 94).

 

Hill's performance at Gettysburg is an enigma. After giving each of his division commanders general orders, he appeared to adopt approach, and as a result, there was poor coordination, limited success, and much higher losses than there should have been (vgl. Gottfried: Brigades of Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 573).

 

LtGen A. P. Hill had worsening health (vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg Culp's Hill & Cemetery Hill, a.a.O., S. 6). Robertson (vgl. Robertson: A. P. Hill, a.a.O., S. +++klären+++; vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg Culp's Hill & Cemetery Hill, a.a.O., S. 409n8) vertritt die Ansicht, that Hill was afflicted with syphilis and that its effects were becoming increasingly debilitating.

 

Photos:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History of the Civil War, vol I, a.a.O., S. 74

- Längin, a.a.O., S. 23, 115;

- Hassler S. 19 (Photo bei Kriegsbeginn)

- Milhollen / Kaplan: Divided We Fought, a.a.O., S. 132

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Freeman: R. E. Lee, a.a.O., vol. III, S. 8 ff.: zum Auswahlprozeß und Lee's Entscheidung bei der Besetzung der Corps-Komman­deursstellen nach Jackson's Tod

- **Haines, Douglas, C.: „A. P. Hill's Advance to Gettysburg,“ Gettysburg Magazine (July 1991), issue 5, p. 4-6

- **Hassler, William Woods: A. P. Hill: Lee’s Forgotten General, Richmond / VA: Garret & Massie, Inc, 1957

- Keys, J. G.: Virginia Heraldry: „The Hill Family and Some of Its Distinguished Sons

- Pollard, E. A.: Lee and His Lieutenants +++weiter+++

- Robertson, W. J.: „‘Up Came Hill’ - Soldier Of The South,“ Richmond Times-Dispatch, October 14, 1934. Part I, p. 10 of the maga­zine section

- Southern Historical Society Papers, Band 20, 352 ff.

 

 

Hill, Benjamin Harvey:

CS-Politiker; Hill, who had already been active in State and National affairs when the Secession movement was carried through. He had been an earnest advocate of the Union until in Georgia the resolution was passed declaring that the State ought to secede. He then became a prominent supporter of secession. He was a member of the Confederate Congress, which met in Montgomery in 1861, and served in the Confederate Senate until the end of the war. After the war, he was elected to Congress and opposed the Reconstruction policy of that body. In 1877 he was elected United States Senator from Georgia (vgl. Chestnut, Diary, a.a.O., S. 11). Hill setzte sich gegenüber Georgia-Governor Herschel V. Johnson Ende 1860 für die Sezession des ganzen Südens ein (vgl. Davis: A Government of our Own, a.a.O., S. 8).

 

Urkunden /Literatur:

- **Hill, Benjamin Harvey, Jr.: Senator Benjamin H. Hill of Georgia: His Life, Speeches, and Writings; Also Memorial Adresses of Eminent Citizens of Georgia (Reprint 2017)

- **Pearce, Haywood Jefferson: Benjamin H. Hill: Secession and Reconstruction (Greenwood Press, new edition of 1928)

 

 

Hill, Benjamin J.:

CS-Col; Col 5th Tennessee Infantry. Im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh gehörte die 5th Tennessee Infantry zur 2nd Brigade BrigGen Patrick R. Cleburne III. Army Corps MajGen William J. Hardee in Johnston’s Army of the Mississippi (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 321; Grant: The Opposing Forces at Shiloh; in: B&L I 539). Am 6.4.1862 gegen 8:00 eingesetzt im Rahmen von Cleburne’s Brigade gegen Buckland’s Brigade südlich von Shiloh Church westlich der Pittsburg-Corinth Road. Hierbei griff die 5th Tennessee bei Rea Field gegen Barrett’s Battery (Battery B 1st Illinois Light Artillery) und wurde unter schwerem Canister-Beschuß zurückge­schlagen (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 163 mit Karte S. 165).

 

 

Hill, Daniel Harvey:

CS-MajGen; Schwager von Stonewall Jackson; West Point Absolvent, trotz seiner schwachen Gesundheit 28. im Jahrgang 1842; Be­förderung vom 1st Lieutenant zum Brevet Major aufgrund seines Einsatzes im Mexikanischen Krieg; bat 1849 um Entlassung, da ihm das Armee-Dasein zu langweilig war, und lehrte anschließend 5 Jahre lang Mathematik am Washington College; danach Profes­sor für Mathematik und Civil Engineering am Davidson College / NC; ab 1859 Superintendent am North Carolina Military Institute; verheiratet mit einer Tochter des Direktors des Davidson College, Robert Hall Morrison; Schwager von Stonewall Jackson (vgl. Free­man: Lee's Lieutenants, a.a.O., S. 60). Hill haßte den Norden (Nachweise und Darstellung bei Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants, Bibliothek Ref MilAmerik41, S. 60). Im Krieg: 1861 Colonel 1st North Carolina Infantry; Gefecht von Big Bethel 10.6.1861, Yorktown (auf­grund seines Einsatzes am 10.7.1861 Beförderung zum BrigGen), Seven Pines, South Mountain, Antietam, and Chickamauga, among many others.

 

Während der Seven Days Battle Juni 1862 kommandierte Porter das auf ausdrücklichen Befehl aus Washington an McClellan auf der Nordseite des Chickahominy isoliert eingesetzte V. Corps Porter's in den Schlachten von Mechanicsville (26.6.1862) und Gaines Mill (27.6.1862). General Lee versuchte hier während McClellan's Peninsular Campaign einen entscheidenden Schlag zu führen. Als Ab­lenkung setzte Lee die Corps Huger und Magruder mit 25000 Mann auf die südlich des Chickahominy stehenden vier Army Corps McClellans an, während er gleichzeitig die Army Corps von Longstreet, D. H. Hill und A. P. Hill zum Frontalangriff auf Porter's Corps einsetzte (Karte und Kurzbeschreibung bei: Symonds, Battlefield Atlas, a.a.O., S. 34-35). Den entscheidenden Schlag sollte Jackson führen, dessen überraschend vom Shenandoah Tal heran gezogenes Corps von Norden angreifend, Porter's rechte Flanke ver­nichten sollte (auf Veranlassung Lee's berichteten die Zeitungen in Richmond, Jackson habe im Shenandoah Valley erhebliche Ver­stärkungen zum Vorgehen gegen Washington erhalten). Entscheidend für den Erfolg war das energische Vorgehen Magruder's wäh­rend seines Ablenkungsangriffs gegen die Masse der US-Armee (hervorragend ausgeführt) und die Abstimmung zwischen A. P Hill's und Jackson's Corps. Tatsächlich erfolgte ein abgestimmtes Vorgehen zwischen Jackson und Hill auch nicht ansatzweise. Der Angriff von Hill gegen die extrem starken US-Stellungen am Beaver Dam Creek erfolgte isoliert, während sich Jackson's Truppe ins Biwak begaben und jede Unterstützung unterblieb (vgl. Symonds, a.a.O., S. 35; Eisenschiml, a.a.O., S. 35; Hill, Daniel E.: in: Battles & Leaders Vol. II, S. 347-365).

 

Im Battle of Antietam befehligte Hill die im Confederate Center (Bloody Lane) eingesetzte Division bestehend aus 5 Brigaden; nämlich Roswell S. Ripley's Brigade, Alfred H. Colquitt's Brigade, Samuel Garland's Brigade (Col Duncan McRae), Robert Emmett Rodes' Brigade und George Burgwyn Anderson's Brigade (vgl. Krick: Sharpsburg Bloody Lane; in Gallagher: Antietam Campaign, a.a.O., S. 224).

 

Known for asking Jeff Davis to relieve Bragg following the battle of Chickamauga.

 

vgl. zur Beurteilung Hill's durch Gen. Lee: Freeman: R. E. Lee, a.a.O., vol III S. 9

 

Documents/Literature::

- Avery, A. C.: "Life and Character of Lieut. Gen. D. H. Hill," in Southern Historical Society Papers, XXI, S. 145

- Bridges, Hal: Lee's Maverick General: Daniel Harvey Hill (Olde Soldier Books); 323 pp. The only biography of the C.S.A. General who was a Colonel of the 1st N. Carolina. He won the first major battle of the war at Big Bethel, led a division and later a corps in the ANV and fought with distinction at South Mountain, Antietam and other battles

- Freeman, Douglas Southall: LEE’S LIEUTENANTS - Scribner’s, NY 1942-44 - im Original 3 Volumes, abgekürzte Ausgabe (zu­sammengestellt von Stephen W. Sears), New York 1998, Bibliothek Ref MilAmerik41

- Hassler, William Woods: A. P. Hill: Lee’s Forgotten General (Richmond / VA: Garret & Massie, Inc, 1957)

- Hill, Daniel H.: in: Battles & Leaders Vol. II, S. 347-365

- Hill, Daniel H.: "McClellan's Change of Base and Malvern Hill," in: Battles & Leaders II, 392

- Hill, Daniel Harvey: Papers. Virginia State Library, Richmond, VA, darin 3 Briefe von CS-Secretary of War Randolph an Hill in 1862

- Hill, Daniel Harvey: Bethel to Sharpsburg: North Carolina in the War between the States (Broadfoot, 2 Vol Set; Reprint of 1926 Original)

- Hill Daniel Harvey: Papers, 1816-1924; 4 rolls. Daniel Harvey Hill began his Civil War career as colonel of the First North Carolina Infantry, was promoted to brigadier general on March 26, 1862, and finished the war as a major general. He took part in the battles of Big Bethel, Seven Pines, South Mountain, Antietam, and Chickamauga, among many others. In 1877, Hill assumed the presidency of the Arkansas Industrial University (University of Arkansas). Microfilm copies of original letters, maps, clippings, and speeches held by the North Carolina Department of Archives and History (Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville: Manuscript Resources for the Civil War, Compiled by Kim Allen Scott, 1990).

- Pollard, E. A.: Lee and His Lieutenants, New York 1867

 

 

Hill, James N.:

US-Lt; Co E 33rd Indiana Infantry / Coburn's Brigade; verwundet im Battle of Thompson's Station am 5.3.1863; anschließend Kriegsgefangener im Libby Prison, Richmond (vgl. Welcher / Ligget: Coburn's Brigade, a.a.O., S. 94).

 

 

Hill, John F.:

CS-Col; 16th Arkansas Infantry. Im Februar 1862 während der Pea Ridge Campaign gehörte das Regiment zu 2nd Brigade Col Louis *Hébert in BrigGen Benjamin *McCulloch's Division.

 

 

Hill, S. W.:

US-Pvt; 155th Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. Gallagher u.a.: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 89, 90).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hill, S. W.: „Allabach‘s Brigade. It Went as Near as Any Others to the Deadly Wall at Fredericksburg,“ National Tribune, April 16, 1908

 

 

Hiller, Adam F.:

US-Corporal; zunächst Pvt Co. E, 105th Regiment New York Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 64); transferred to Co. F, 94th Regiment New York Infantry March 10, 1863; wounded in action, July 1, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pa.; reenlisted as a veteran, February 14, 1864; promoted corporal, March or April, 1864; captured in action, June 2, 1864, at Cold Harbor, Va.; paroled, April 28, 3865; mustered out, June 19, 1865, at New York city; also borne as Heller (vgl. Report of the Adjutant-General of the State of New York, Registers of the 94th New York Infantry,a.a.O., S. 113).

 

Birth 1839 - † 1865; beerd. Eden Valley Cemetery, Erie County/New York /(www.findagrave.com, Abruf vom 6.7.2016).

 

Photo:

- www.findagrave.com, Abruf vom 6.7.2016

 

 

Hiller, Allen Maxcy:

US-1stLt; Co. G, 199th Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M554 Roll 54)

 

 

Hilliard, Albert G.:

US-Pvt; 1843 - +++; Co B 37th Illinois Infantry; enlisted at Galva 19.8.1861; schwer verwundet im Battle von Pea Ridge in den Kämpfen in Morgan's Woods durch einen Kopfschuß am 7.3.1862 (vgl. Shea / Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 127 mit Karte S. 123; *Ash, David L.: Letter vom 11.3.1862, Ash Papers US Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks / Pennsylvania); Hilliard war be­freundet mit dem damaligen Sergeant (später 1st Lt) Ash, und erlitt die Verwundung direkt neben Ash liegend. Hilliard verlor ein Auge und wurde wegen Dienstunfähigkeit am 5.10.1862 entlassen.

 

 

Hills, Edward Sherman:

US-+++; 1st Illinois Artillery (vgl. Hicken: Illinois in the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 389)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hills, Edward Sherman: Biographical Sketch by his Grandson, 1968 (vgl. Hicken: Illinois in the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 389)

 

 

Hillyer, George:

CS-Captain; 9th Georgia Infantry; er übernahm am 2.7.1863 im Battle von Gettysburg nach dem Ausfall seiner Vorgänger als Re­gimentsführer die Führung der 9th Georgia Infantry (vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 175, 247, 295, 401, 526n113; Penny / Laine: Round Tops, a.a.O., S. 115, 124, 129, 130, 131, 149)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hillyer, George: Battle of Gettysburg: Adress before the Walton County, Georgia, Confederate Veterans, August 2d, 1904. Walton County, Ga.: Walton Tribune, 1904

 

 

Hillyer, Isaac:

US-+++; aus New Jersey; Teilnahme am Battle of Fredericksburg 1862 (vgl. Gallagher u.a.: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 53 mit Anm. 9 und Anm. 39)

 

 

Hillyer, William S.:

US-Col; aus Kentucky; dort eine Periode Member im Kentucky House of Representatives; zog danach nach St. Louis; in der Vor­kriegszeit Anwalt der Kanzlei McClellan, Hillyer and Moody in St. Louis. U.S. Grant, 1859 in einer Partnerschaft mit Harry Boggs mietete in der Kanzlei einen Büroraum. Hillyer wurde im Stab Grant's im August aide de camp im Rang eines Captains. Seine Frau, Anna Ranking Hillyer wurde eine enge Freundin von Julia Dent Grant (vgl. Grant, Julia Dent: Memoires, a.a.O., S. 93, 115 Anm. 12). Im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh war Captain Hillyer Mitglied im Stab von Grant's Army of the Tennessee (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 104, 105, 111, 173).

 

 

Hindman, Thomas Carmichael:

CS-MajGen, *1828 in Knoxville, Tenn. (Geburtsjahr nach Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, a.a.O., S. 402; in Confederate Veteran Vol. I 1893 S. 119 dagegen mit 1830) - 1868; His father, Thomas C. Hindman, moved to Mississippi when T. C. Hindman, Jr., was quite young. He and his brother Robert were in school at Princeton when the Mexican war broke out, and they left school to join the army. Their father, in the meantime, had become colonel of the Mississippi Regiment in that war. Young T. C. Hindman, at the age of se­venteen, was breveted second Lieutenant for gallantry. In 1856, having moved to Helena, Ark., he made the race for Congress against Dorsey Rice, and was elected as a States Rights Democrat, taking his seat in 1857. During this canvass he and Pat Cleburne, who was his room-mate and bossom friend, were attacked by John Rice, Dorsey Rice, and their brother-in-law, James Marryatt, who shot them from concealment and dangerously wounded both of them. Hindman was wounded very badly in the left side, while Cleburne was shot entirely through. In return James Marryatt was shot dead, and Dorsey Rice and John Rice ran away and left the city. In 1861 Hindman resigned his seat in Congress to enter the Confederate army. Returning to Arkansas he raised a legion known as "Hindman's Legion," of which he was elected colonel. Die Truppen wurden BrigGen Hardee unterstellt (vgl. Hughes: Hardee. Old Reliable, a.a.O., S. 74). He was made brigadier general at Bowling Green, Ky., in which State he took part in some severe engagements. At the battle of Shiloh he led a division in Hardee's Corps (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 402).

 

Das Corps Hardee's war noch nicht in Divisionen gegliedert; beim Angriff am 6.4.1862 bildete Hardee deshalb eine provisorische Di­vision bestehend aus 1st Brigade BrigGen Thomas C. Hindman und 3rd Brigade BrigGen Sterling A. M. Wood. Mit der Division führte Hindman den CS-Angriff bei Shiloh über Frayley's Field und Seas's Field auf die US-Truppen bestehend aus 1st Brigade Col Everett *Peabody 6th Division BrigGen Benjamin M. *Prentiss (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 149).

 

Hindman was dangerously wounded in the first day's fight in der Schlacht von Shiloh, and his horse was shot while he was making a charge (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 179). He was promoted to the rank of major-general for his conduct at Shiloh.

 

After recovering from his Shiloh wounds he commanded the Trans-Mississippi District, and by his energy and aggressiveness organi­zed and equipped quite an army. He had succeeded in almost clearing the department of Federal forces when he was ordered, at his own request, to the eastern side of the river for more active service. While in Arkansas he commanded the Confederates in the bloody battle of Prairie Grove, where |the Federals, though superior in numbers, were defeated and demoralized under Gen. Blount (nach Confederate Veteran, a.a.O., S. 119; a.A. bei Boatner: "he was unsuccessful in checking Curtis' advance"). He commanded a division at the battle of Chickamauga, and was so badly wounded that for several months afterwards he was unable to resume command. When the war closed Gen. Hindman went to the City of Mexico, where he remained for about three years. Returning to Helena he took a very active part in the protection of his people from the carpet-bag element (involved in Reconstruction Politics) and was as­sassinated by unknown parties September 28, 1868.

 

Am 9.11.1862 General Hindman issued Special Order No. 38, which organized his command into four divisions; the First Division contained Douglas Cooper's Indian Brigade and a brigade of Texas cavalry (dismounted); Second Division commanded by Francis Shoup, and contained James Fagan's and Dandridge McRae's Arkansas brigades; Daniel M. Frost, vice M. M. Parson's, commanded the Third Division, with Parson's and Robert G. Shaver's brigades; and the Forth Division held Joseph O. Shelby's and Charles A. Carrol's cavalry brigades and was commanded by John S. Marmaduke. Tilden's Battery was assigned to Parson's Missouri Brigade (vgl. Banasik, Michel E. (ed.): Missouri Brothers in Gray. The Reminiscenses and Letters of William J. Bull and John P. Bull, Iowa City 1998, S. 43 Anm. 113; vgl. Special Order Letterbook, a.a.O., S. 109-110).

 

Documents/Literature::

- Boatner: Civil War Dictionary, a.a.O., S. 402

- Confederate Veteran Vol. I 1893 S. 119

- **Nash, Charles Edward: Biographical Sketches of Gen. Pat Cleburne and Gen. T. C. Hindman (Dayton: Press of the Morningside Bookshop, 1977)

- Neal, Diane and Thomas W. Kremm: The Lion of the South: General Thomas C. Hindman (Macon, 1993)

 

 

Hines, Jonathan D.:

US-LtCol, 12th Ohio Infantry; Hines unternahm vom 24.-26. Juli 1862 mit einem Detachment von 100 Mann eine bewaffnete Auf­klärung im Wyoming County in West Virginia (vgl. Hines' Report OR 12 [2] S. 106-107).

 

 

Hines, Joseph:

 

 

Hines, Thomas Henry:

CS-Capt., +++-1898 in Kentucky (vgl. Horan: Confederate Agent, a.a.O., S. xiv). Verheiratet mit Nancy Spoule. Scout, CS-Geheim­agent; Deckname "cowards only flee"; 1863 war Hines Capt. in Co. E. 9th Kentucky Cavalry; Teilnahme an Morgan's Raid nach Kentucky, Indiana und Ohio; einer der wichtigsten Scouts von Morgan (vgl. Horwitz: The Longest Raid, a.a.O., S. 5).

 

In der Erkundungs- und Aufklärungsphase vor Morgan's Raid wurde vor allem Freiwillige der 9th Kentucky Cavalry eingesetzt, die unter Führung von Hines' ab dem 17.6.1863 über den Ohio River aufklärten. Hierbei kam es zur Kontaktaufnahme mit Dr. William A. Bowles, den Anführer der *Copperheads in Indiana (vgl. Horwitz: Longest Raid, a.a.O., S. 44; John *Conrad, Family History, a.a.O., S. 194; Horan, Confederate Agent, a.a.O., S. 24-27). Da infolge schwerer Regenfälle von 8-10 Tagen Dauer (vgl. Duke: Mor­gan's Indiana and Ohio Raid; in: Annals of the War, a.a.O., S. 244; Horwitz, a.a.O., S. 44) in den Bergen von West Virginia der Ohio River Hochwasser führte, wurden die meisten beim Rückmarsch in Indiana gefangen genommen, beim Versuch den Ohio zu über­queren (vgl. Horwitz: Longest Raid, a.a.O., S. 11, 42-44, 399 Anm. 22; Family History of Pvt. John *Conrad 9th Kentucky Cavalry; Horan, Confederate Agent, a.a.O., S. 27). Ab 7.7.1863 übernahm Hines nach seiner Rückkehr aus Indiana die Führung der Scouts von Morgan's Division, nach der Verwundung von Thomas *Quirk und der Verwundung von dessen Nachfolger Captain Thomas B. *Franks (vgl. Horwitz, a.a.O., S. 45; Duke: History, a.a.O., S. 431).

 

Hines war Teilnehmer an Gen John Hunt Morgan's nach Kentucky, Indiana und Ohio im Juli 1863 (vgl. Horwitz: The Longest Raid of the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 5, 11, 43-45, 72, 147, 223, 356, 358-360, 362-364). Er organisierte den Ausbruch von Gen. Morgan und anderen Gefangenen aus dem Ohio Staats Gefängnis in Columbus / Ohio (vgl. Hines, Thomas H.: Morgan and His Men Escape from Prison, Century Magazin, Januar 1891; abgedruckt bei Van Doren Stern: Secret Missions of the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 155-167)

 

Hines war in die Friedensbewegung im Norden eingeschleust worden und war in Illinois, Indiana und Ohio tätig (vgl. Tidwell, April 65. Confederate Covert Action, a.a.O., S. 35).

 

Hines war auch - zumindest 1864 dazu eingesetzt, Baumwolle in Mississippi zu kaufen, nach Norden durch die US-Linien zu schmuggeln und teuer in US-Währung zu verkaufen, um auf diese Weise Geldmittel für den Süden zu beschaffen (vgl. Tidwell, April 65 - Confederate Covert Action, a.a.O., S. 65). Bereits Grant hatte diese Gefahr gesehen und versucht den Schmuggel zu unterbinden, u.a. durch seinen berüchtigten "Juden-Erlaß" Nr. 11 von 17.12.1862 (vgl. Catton, Grant Moves South, a.a.O., S. 347-356 ff., 353).

 

+++++ Markle: Spies and Spymasters, a.a.O., S. 106-110++++

 

In der Nachkriegszeit lebte Hines in Kentucky und zwei Perioden lang Vorsitzender Richter am Kentucky's Court of Appeal (vgl. Ho­ran: Confederate Agent, a.a.O., S. xiv).

 

Photo:

- Horwitz: The Longest Raid, a.a.O., nach S. 72 Nr. A 4

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hines, Thomas H.: Papers, file M46M97, Manuscript Collection, Margaret I. King Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington

- Hines, Thomas H.: Morgan and His Men Escape from Prison, Century Magazin, Januar 1891; abgedruckt bei Van Doren Stern: Se­cret Missions of the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 155-167

- Horan, James D.: Confederate Agent. A Discovery in History, New York 1954 (Anm. McPherson: Für die Freiheit, a.a.O., S. 943 Anm. 25 beurteilt Horan's Werk als "einem mit Vorsicht zu genießenden Sensationsbericht, der sich stark auf die Memoiren Hines' und anderer konföderierter Agenten stützt."

- Klement, Frank L.: The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and the Civil War (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1970)

- Klement, Frank L.: The Copperheads of the Middle West (Chicago: Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1960)

- Klement, Frank L.: Dark Lanterns. Secret Political Societies, Conspiracies, and Treason Trials in the Civil War, Baton Rouge, 1984 (McPherson: Für die Freiheit, S. 943 Anm. 25 beurteilt Klements Auffassung wie folgt: "Klement, der führende Historiker der *Cop­perheads, hält die meisten Beweise für deren heimliche Komplizenschaft mit den Rebellen für ein Gespinst aus 'Gerüchten, Vermu­tungen und freie Erfindung', das von den Republikanern aus politischen Gründen in die Welt gesetzt worden sei. Aber auch Klement räumt ein, daß mehrere Friedensdemokraten 1864 von Agenten der Konföderation Geld und Waffen bekommen haben")

- McPherson: Für die Freiheit sterben, a.a.O., S. 751

- Tidwell, William A.: Come Retribution, a.a.O., S. 195, 196-98, 236, 248, 250

- Tidwell, William A.: Confederate Covert Action, a.a.O., S. 35, 40, 126, 131, 132, 139, 140

 

 

Hinkel, Caspar C.:

CS-+++klären+++ (vgl. Glatthaar: The Common Soldiers Gettysburg Campaign, in: Boritt: The Gettysburg Nobody Knows, a.a.O., S. 28 iVm. S. 226n57).

 

Urkunden/Documents/Literature::

- Hinkel, Caspar C.: Papers, Museum of the Confederacy

 

 

Hinkley, Julian Wisner:

US-Captain; Co. D&E, 3rd Regiment Wisconsin Infantry; Hinkley trat als Sergeant in das Regiment ein (vgl. National Park Soldiers M559 Roll 13). Hinkley enlisted 24.4.1861 as 1st Sergeant Co. D, promoted 2ndLt 6.2.1862 and 1stLt 1.11.1862 (vgl. Rusk: Roster Wisconsin Volunteers, a.a.O., vol. I, S. 399); promoted Captain Co. E 21.4.1863; wounded 25.5.1864; M. O. 18.7.1865 (vgl. Rusk: Roster Wisconsin Volunteers, a.a.O., vol. I, S. 403).

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Hinkley, Julian Wisner: A Narrative of Service with the Third Wisconsin Infantry (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Commission, 1912, First Edition), 197 pages. Issued as part of Wisconsin History Commission Papers (vol. 7). Nevins calls this "A thoroughly or­ganized and completely reliable memoir, based on letters, diary, and postwar manuscript; Hinkley saw much service in both major battle areas."

 

 

Hinks, Edward Winslow:

US-BrigGen; 1861 Col 19th Massachusetts Infantry (vgl. Waitt, Ernest L.: History of the Nineteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volun­teer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 1).

 

„Edward Winslow Hinks (May 30, 1830 – February 14, 1894) was a career United States Army officer who served as a brigadier general during the American Civil War.

 

Hinks was born in Bucksport, Maine. His name was originally spelled "Hincks" but deleted the "C" when he joined the U.S. Army in 1861 and resumed using the original spelling in 1871 after he retired from the service. He was a printer for the Whig and Couri­er newspaper in Bangor, Maine. He moved to Massachusetts in 1849 and served in the state legislature.

 

In 1861, Hinks received a regular army commission as a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry, but was soon after offered a vol­unteer commission as colonel of the 19th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Hinks saw service at Ball's Bluff, the Peninsula Campaign, and at Glendale, where he was wounded. He returned to his regiment for the Maryland Campaign, but was seriously woun­ded at Antietam on September 17, 1862. He received a promotion to brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from November 29, 1862, by nomination of President Abraham Lincoln on March 4, 1863, confirmation by the U.S. Senate on March 9, 1863 and ap­pointment by the President on April 4, 1863.[2] He spent the next two years on court martial and recruiting duty. In March through May 1864, he commanded the prison camp at Camp Lookout, Maryland[3] before being assigned to command the 3rd Division of the XVIII Corps, composed entirely of United States Colored Troops, led by white officers. He was one of the leaders of the unsuc­cessful First Battle of Petersburg and served in the Siege of Petersburg. When the division was rolled into the XXV Corps, Hinks was sent north to perform recruitment duties and to enforce the draft. On December 3, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Hinks for the award of the honorary grade of brevet major general, United States Volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the award on May 4, 1866.[4] On December 3, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Hinks for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general in the regular army, to rank from March 2, 1867,[5] for his service at Petersburg. The U.S. Senateconfirmed the award on February 14, 1868.

 

After the war, he remained in the army as the lieutenant colonel of the 40th U.S. Infantry Regiment before retiring at the rank of colonel in December 1870. After he retired, he served as governor of the National Military Home for Disabled Veterans in Hampton, Virginia (1870–73) and in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1873–80). Hinks died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery Cambridge, Massachusetts. His grave can be found on the Eglantine Path, Lot 1636“ (aus https://en. wiki­pedia.org/wiki/Edward_Winslow_Hinks).

 

 

Hinman, Mine H:

US-Captain; Co D, 171st Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M554 Roll 54); dort ist der Vorname als 'Mine H.' angegeben; in der Sammlung der Virginia Tech. dagegen als 'Miner'.

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hinman, Miner: Letter, 1862. Soldier in Co. D of the 171st Pennsylvania Regiment. Letter written December 2, 1862, to his brother in Pennsylvania, from the Steamer John Warner, near Washington, D.C. (Virginia Tech, Univ. Libraries, Special Collections: Civil War guide. Manuscript Sources for Civil War Research in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries Ms 90-040).

 

 

Hinman, Wilbur F.:

US-LtCol; zunächst Sergeant, dann Captain, Co. E, F&S, 65th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 9); 65th Ohio Infantry. Hinman enlisted in the 65th Ohio at the start of the war and mustered out as a Lieutenant Colonel.

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Hinman, Wilbur F. (65th Ohio Volunteers): Corporal Si Klegg and his "Pard" (Henry Publishing Co. Reprint of 1887 title); 740 pp - Dust Jacket - photographs - illustrations - appendix - with Introduction by Brian Pohanka - the author enlisted in the 65th Ohio at the start of the war and mustered out as a Lieutenant Colonel. This fictionalized tongue in cheek representation of Army life is quite ac­curate and reflects just what the soldiers lived day by day.

- Hinman, Wilbur F.: The Story of the Sherman Brigade. Privately printed, 1897

 

 

Hinsdale, John Wetmore:

CS-Col; Co. F&S, Col. 3rd Battalion North Carolina Junior Reserves (aufgestellt 1865) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M230 Roll 18). 1862 Col im Stab der Brigade von James Johnston Pettigrew (vgl. Hess: Lee's Tar Heels, a.a.O., S. 38).

 

1843 Buffalo/New York - † 15.9.1921 Raleigh/NC, beerd. Oakwood Cemetery, Raleigh/NC (vgl. www.findagrave.com). Aufge­wachsen in Fayetteville/NC, Jura-Studium University of North Carolina. 1861 schloß er sich der CS-Army an und diente im Stab sei­nes Onkels LtGen T. H. Holmes. Anschließend im Stab von Gen. J.J. Pettigrew und Teilnahme am Battle of Seven Pines 1862. An­schließend diente Hinsdale als Adjutant von Gen. W. D. Pender während des Battle of the Seven Days/VA, dann Adjutant von Gene­ral Holmes im Trans-Mississippi-Departement; er zeichnete sich aus im Battle of Helena 1863. Später Col. 32nd North Carolina Re­giment of the Junior Reserves und Teilnahme an den Schlachten von Kinston und Bentonville / SC; surrendering with Johnston's Army am 20.4.1865 (vgl. Confederate Veteran vol. 29, No. 10 (Oct. 1921), S. 387-88).

 

In der Nachkriegszeit Jura-Studium am Columbia College / New York und 1866 Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt. 1875 kehrte er nach Raleigh/NC zurück. Rechtsanwalt in Raleigh (vgl. Confederate Veteran vol. 29, No. 10 (Oct. 1921), S. 387-88). °° 1869 mit Ellen Devereux der Tochter von Major John *Devereux (vgl. Confederate Veteran vol. 29, No. 10 (Oct. 1921), S. 387-88).

 

Photo:

Col John W. Hinsdale (vgl. www.findagrave.com).

 

Urkunden/Documents/Literature::

- Hinsdale, John Wetmore: Diary, Hinsdale Family Papers, Duke University, Special Collections Library, Durham/NC

 

 

Hinshaw, William:

US-Pvt; Co. K, 8th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 41).

 

 

Hiram, Eddy:

US-Chaplain; 2nd Regiment Connecticut Infantry (vgl. Connecticut Historical Society, Civil War Manuscript MS 78637; Anm.: bei National Park Service nicht genannt).

 

Eddy was captured on 26 July 1861 after becoming separated from his regiment during the battle of First Bull Run, VA, 21 July 1861, and was paroled in July of 1862. Eddy passes his 49th birthday during his year-long captivity in various prisons of the south (vgl. Connecticut Historical Society, Civil War Manuscript MS 78637).

 

Urkunden/Documents/Literature::

- Connecticut Historical Society, Civil War Manuscript MS 78637

 

 

Hirst, Benjamin:

US-Sergeant; 14th Connecticut Infantry

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hirst, Benjamin (14th Connecticut): The Boys from Rockville: Civil War Narratives of Sgt. Benjamin Hirst, Company "D", 14th Connecticut Volunteers (Univ Tennessee Press); 256 pp, Illustrated; Photos; Maps; Notes; Biblio; Index. Edited by Robert L. Bee. In less than a month after forming, the 14th Connecticut fought at Bloody Lane at Antietam and went on to fight in all the major battles of the war, capturing more enemy flags and suffering more losses than any other Connecticut Regiment.

 

 

Historicus:

the identity of Historicus has never been proven. Cleaves, in „Meade of Gettysburg“, 229-30 thought that John B. *'Bachelder was the culprit. Cleaves followed a 1925 letter from the 5th Corps veteran Robert G. Carter, who caracterisized Bachelder as a „loud-mouthed, blantant photographer, artist at Sickles' headquarters, and henchman of Sickles, made people believe by an avalanche of propaganda that Sickles held back Longstreet, and all writers began to believe it and praised Sickles' act [forward move].“ Carters letter can be found in W. A, Graham, The Custer Myth: A Source Book of Custeriana (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1953), 318. However, there is no evidence to link Bachelder, the great early historian of the battle, with Sickles. There are no letters from Sickles in Bachelder's Papers that pertain to the conflict with Meade. Bachelder studiously avoided battlefield controversies in his writings on Gettysburg. Carter may have confused Bachelder with LtCol R. N. Bachelder, one of Sickles Staff officers (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg. Meade-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 172n30).

 

Historicus behauptete in einem Artikel im New York Herald vom 12.3.1864, der Zweck dieses Artikel diene u.a. to give „justice to the survivors (of Gettysburg) when unfairly impeached“. Es wurde darin behauptet, General Sickles habe im Battle of Gettysburg vom Oberkommandierenden MajGen Meade keinerlei Anweisungen erhalten, wo das III. Corps eingesetzt werden sollte. Weiterhin, daß Meade was planning a retreat when Longstreet's attack (auf den linken US-Flügel) diesen unmöglich gemacht habe. The article went on to say when Confederate columns were detected moving toward Little Round Top, Sickles was first to act on his own. Sickles habe die Abwehrschlacht an der linke Flanke gerettet, in dem er dort Truppen eingesetzt habe (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg. Meade-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 57).

 

Der durch den Zeitungsartikel angegriffene MajGen Meade sah sich zurecht verunglimpft und beschwerte sich in einem Brief vom 15.3.1864 an das War Department und vermutete, daß Historicus und Gen. Sickles identisch seien oder Artikel auf dessen Veranlassung geschrieben wurde (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg. Meade-Sickles Controver­sy, a.a.O., S. 58).

 

Urkunden/Documents/Literature::

- **Historicus: „The Battle of Gettysburg,“ New York Herald, March 12,1864, reprinted in OR vol. 27, part IO, 128-36, and in Meade: Life and Letters, a.a.O., 2: 323-31

- **Historicus: „The Battle of Gettysburg. Historicus in Reply to General Barnes and the Staff Officers of the Second and Fifth Corps. The Evidence Before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, &c., New York Herald, April 4, 1864

 

 

Hitchcock, Ethan Allen:

US-MajGen; aus Vergennes / Vermont; Onkel von Henry M. *Hitchcock (vgl. Hitchcock, Marching with Sherman, a.a.O., Introducti­on S. v); Hitchcock war im Mexikanischen Krieg Inspector General im Stab des Oberkommandierenden Winfield Scott (vgl. Hatta­way/Jones, How the North Won, a.a.O., S. 28)

 

Photo:

Freeman, Lee's Lieutenants, a.a.O., nach S. 32

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Croffut, W. A., ed.: Fifty Years in Camp and Field: Diary of Major-General Ethan Allan Hitchcock, U.S.A. (New York: G. P. Put­nam’s Sons, 1909)

- **Hitchcock, Henry M.: Marching with Sherman: Passages from the Letters and Campaign Diaries of Henry Hitchcock, Major and Assistant Adjutant General of Volunteers November 1864 - May 1865; ed. M. A. DeWolfe Howe, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1927. Reprint 1995

 

 

Hitchcock, Frederick L.:

US-Major; 132nd Pennsylvania Infantry, später Regimentskommandeur der 25th US Colored Troops in Florida.

 

Hitchcock was a lawyer who rose to Major in the 132nd Pennsylvania which fought at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Chancellors­ville where it lost 40 percent of its members and was disbanded after that battle. He went on to command the 25th US Colored Troops in Florida.

 

Documents/Literature::

- **Hitchcock, Frederick L.(Major, 132nd PA Vols): War from the Inside: The Story of the 132nd Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer In­fantry in the War for the Suppression of the Rebellion, 1862-1863 (Philadelphia 1904)

 

 

Hitchcock, George A.:

US-+++; 21st Massachusetts Infantry

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hitchcock, George A. (21st Massachusetts Infantry): From Ashby to Andersonville (Savas Publishing), 256 pp; Photos; Illustrati­ons; Maps. The Civil War Journal of George A. Hitchcock of the 21st Massachusetts Infantry. Edited by Ronald Watson. Foreword by Ed Bearss. This is the journal of an enlisted member of the unit and provides insights into camp life, battles, picket duty, skirmishing and prison life at Andersonville.

 

 

Hitchcock, Henry M.:

US-Major; 1829-1902; Neffe von Gen Ethan Allan *Hitchcock; Vorkriegszeit Rechtsanwalt in St. Louis; Stabsoffizier und Assistant Adjutant im Stab von General Sherman von November 1864 - Mai 1865, verheiratet mit Frl. Collier der älteren Schwester von Mar­garet (Margie) Collier (später verheiratet mit Hitchcock's jüngerem Bruder Ethan Allen Hitchcock [nicht MajGen Hitchcock; vgl Hit­chcock, Marching with Sherman, a.a.O., S. 15)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hitchcock, Henry M.: Marching with Sherman: Passages from the Letters and Campaign Diaries of Henry Hitchcock, Major and Assistant Adjutant General of Volunteers November 1864 - May 1865; ed. M. A. DeWolfe Howe, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1927. Reprint 1995, Bibliothek Ref MilAmerik30

- Hitchcock/Pitzman: Eulogies: General W. T. Sherman - Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Hitchcock, Major, and A.A.G., U.S.V., and Capt. Julius Pitzman, 6th MO Inf., Sketches of War History, 1861-1865. War Papers and Personal Reminiscences 1861-1865. Read before the Commandery of the State of Missouri, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Published by the Commandery. Volume I. St. Louis: Becktold and Co. 1892.

- Sherman, Memoirs, a.a.O., Band 2, S. 23, 178, 354

 

 

Hitner, John K.:

CS-Private; Rockbridge Artillery (vgl. Krick, Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 63)

 

Documents/Literature::

- Hitner, John K.: Diary (United Daughters of the Confederacy National Headquarters)

 

 

Hitz, Christian:

US-Sergeant; 12th Independent Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery (vgl. National Park Soldiers M559 Roll 13).

 

 

Hitz, George:

US-Pvt; Co. F&C, 9th Regiment Wisconsin Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M559 Roll 13).

 

 

Hitz, H.:

US-Pvt; Co. H, 14th Regiment Wisconsin Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M559 Roll 13); original filed under 'Henry Heite'

 

 

Hitz, Herman:

US-Pvt; Co. C, 46th Regiment Wisconsin Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M559 Roll 13).