Version 25.7.2017

 

 

Litera S (Si-Sq)

 

 

 

Siber, Edward:

US-Col, 37th Ohio Infantry; seine Einheit unternahm von Raleigh, WVa. aus vom 2.-8.8.1862 Operationen um Wyoming Court-Hou­se, WVa., nachdem ein dort stationiertes Detachment der 37th Ohio Infantry bei einem Raid von CS-Truppen (4th Virginia Cavalry) angegriffen worden war (vgl. Siber's Report OR 12 [2] S. 115-116).

 

 

Sibley, Henry Hopkins:

CS-BrigGen; 1816-1886 stammte aus Louisiana, West Point-Absolvent 1838 (31/45), Seminole War und Mexiko-Veteran; Berufsof­fizier; Erfinder des Sibley Tent and Stove, von der US-Army vielbenutzt (vgl. Alberts: The Battle of Glorieta, a.a.O., S. 9); Alkoholi­ker (Alberts, a.a.O., S. 9; Hall: Sibley's New Mexico Campaign, a.a.O., S. 54: "A walking Whisky Keg"); bis 13.5.1861 im Range ei­nes Majors Regimentskommandeur der 2nd US-Dragoons in Taos / NMT (vgl. Josephy: The Civil War in the American West, a.a.O., S. 37; Boatner, Civil War Dictionary, a.a.O., S. 759); 18.5.1861 Colonel CSA, ab 17. Juni 1861 BrigGen und Kommandeur der CS-Streitkräfte (Sibley’s Brigade: 4th, 5th, 7th Texas Mounted Volunteers, insgesamt 3200 Mann) im New Mexico Territorium (Längin S. 46; Alberts: The Battle of Glorieta, a.a.O., S. 6 ff); s. auch Sibley’s New Mexico und Arizona Campaign [February-March 1862: Gefechte von Valverde und Glorieta Pass. Sibley war einer der schlechtesten Generale des Südens (Alberts, a.a.O., S. 9). 1863 Red River Campaign, Louisiana; während der ersten Operationen von Banks Red River Campaign aus seinem Kommando abgelöst auf­grund Ungehorsams und unwürdigen Verhaltens während der Aktionen bei Irish Bend und Fort Bisland (12.-14.4.1863) und vor ein Kriegsgericht unter dem Vorsitz von J. G. Walker gestellt; Sibley wurde freigesprochen, Taylor's schlechte Meinung (vgl. Taylor, Ri­chard: Destruction and Reconstruction, a.a.O., S. 149) von Sibley's Führung und mangelnden Kenntnissen spiegelte sich jedoch im Prozeß wieder. Sibley war bis Kriegsende im Trans-Mississippi Department eingesetzt und ging nach der Niederlage nach Europa. Als General der Artillerie des Khedive in Ägypten bis 1873 tätig. Nach seiner Rückkehr in die USA, hielt er Vorlesungen über seine Erfahrungen, starb jedoch 1886 völlig verarmt.

 

Photos:

Alberts: The Battle of Glorieta, a.a.O., S. 7

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Alberts, Don E. (ed.): Rebels on the Rio Grande: The Civil War Journal of A. B. Peticolas, University of New Mexico Press, Albu­querque 1984

- Faulkner, William A. (ed.): "With Sibley in New Mexico: The Journal of William Henry Smith," West Texas Historical Association Yearbook 27 (Oktober, 1951), S. 111-142 (Smith diente als Private in Co. I, 5th Texas Mounted Volunteers)

- Frazier, Donald W.: Blood and Treasure: Confederate Empire in the Southwest (Texas A&M University Press, 1995)

- Gracy, David B. II (ed.): "New Mexico Campaign Letters of Frank Starr, 1861-62," Texas Military

- Haas, Oscar (trans.): "The Diary of Julius Giesecke." Texas Military History 3 (Winter, 1963), S. 228-42 (Giesecke war Second Lieutenant und später Captain Co. G, 4th Texas Mounted Volunteers

- Hall, Martin Hardwick: The Confederate Army of New Mexico (Presidial Press, Austin, Tex., 1978)

- Hall, Martin Hardwick: Sibley's New Mexico Campaign (University of Texas Press: Austin, 1960)

- Hall, Martin H.: "An Appraisal of the 1862 New Mexico Campaign: A Confederate Officer's Letter to Nacoghoches." (New Mexico Historical Review 33 [April 1976], S. 329-33)

- Josephy: The Civil War in the American West, a.a.O., S. 3-95

- Kerby, Robert Lee: The Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona, 1861-1862 (Westernlore Press: Los Angeles, 1958)

- Noel, Theophilus: A Campaign from Santa Fe to the Mississippi: Being a History of the old Sibley Brigade from its first Organizati­on to the Present Time; its Campaigns in New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas in the Years 1861-2-3-4.1865 (edited by Martin Hall and Edwin A. Davis. Reprint, Houston, Texas: Stagecoach Press, 1961) (Noel diente als Private in Co. A, 4th Texas Mounted Volunteers)

- Pettis, George H: The Confederate Invasion of New Mexico and Arizona; in: Battles and Leaders, Vol. 2 S. 103 ff.

- Stanley, F.: The Civil War in New Mexico (World Press: Denver, 1960)

- Taylor, Richard: Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War (1879, Reprint: New York, Longmans, Green, 1955)

- Teel, Trevanion T.: Sibley's New Mexican Campaign; in: Battles & Leaders, vol 2, S. 700 (Anm.: Teel war Sibley's Artillerie­kommandeur während der New Mexico Campaign)

- **Thompson, Jerry D.: Henry Hopkins Sibley: Confederate General of the West (1987, Reprint, College Station: Texas A&M Un­iversity Press, 1996)

- **Thompson, Jerry D.: Westward the Texans: The Civil War Letters of Private William Randolph Howell (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1990) (Howell war Angehöriger von Co. C, 5th Texas Mounted Volunteers)

 

 

Sickles, Daniel Edgar:

US-MajGen; 1825-1914; aus New York; Lawyer und Legislator; Politiker der Democratic Party. Sickles war in der Vorkriegszeit Se­kretär an der US Gesandtschaft in London, State Senator in New York und US-Senator in Washington (Boatner, a.a.O., S. 760). Nach dem Wahlsieg von Buchanan kam es 1857 in New York zu erbitterten Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Fernando Wood, damals Par­teivorsitzender (++?++) der Democratic Party in New York und gleichzeitigem Bürgermeister von New York, Fernando *Wood und Sickles. Die Auseinandersetzung in der Democratic Party von New York hatte solche Auswirkungen, daß Präsident Buchanan, seinen engen Mitarbeiter Henry Wickoff nach New York entsandte, wo dieser den ganzen Sommer 1857 versuchte, einen Waffenstillstand zwischen den beiden früheren Freunden und nunmehrigen Kontrahenten herbeizuführen (vgl. Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln, vol. I, a.a.O., S. 130).

 

Wie sein Biograph Swanberg ausführt, war Sickles "always in some sort of crisis, be it financial, legislative, sexual, or homicidal" (Zitat nach Nevins: Col Wainwright, a.a.O., S. 17 n).

 

1859 stand Sickles im Zentrum eines Gerichtsverfahrens um die Ermordung von Philip Barton Key, dem Sohn von Francis Scott Key. Key jr. hatte eine Affaire mit Sickles' Frau. Sickles plädierte auf zeitweise Unzurechnungsfähigkeit. Sickles lauerte dem Liebha­ber seiner Frau auf und erschoß ihn. Es kam erstmals in der amerikanischen Rechtsgeschichte mit dieser Begründung zu einem Frei­spruch (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 760; vgl. Sauers: Meade-Sickley Controversy, a.a.O., S. 5).

 

1861 setzt sich Sickles mit solchem Einsatz für den Krieg ein, daß der New York Governor E. D. Morgan ihn autorisierte, eine Briga­de mit Infantry Regimentern in New York aufzustellen. Als die US-Behörden sowohl Sickles als auch seine Regimenter ablehnten, wandte sich Sickles direkt an Präsident Lincoln, der Sickles Brigade in die US-Army aufnehmen ließ (vgl. Nevins: Col Wainwright, a.a.O., S. 17 n).

 

1861/62 war Sickles Brigadekommandeur 2nd Brigade Joseph Hooker's Division Army of the Potomac (vgl. Nevins: Col Wainw­right, a.a.O., S. 17 n). In den vorläufigen Rang eines BrigGen USV am 3.9.1861 befördert, die erforderliche Bestätigung des US-Se­nats verzögerte sich jedoch aus politischen und anderen Gründen und erfolgte erst am 13.5.1862 (vgl. Sauers: Meade-Sickley Contro­versy, a.a.O., S. 6). Seine Ernennung zum BrigGen wurde im März 1862 vom US-Senat nicht bestätigt und er wurde deshalb am 8.4.1862 von seinem Kommando abgelöst, das BrigGen Nelson Taylor übernahm (vgl. Nevins: Col Wainwright, a.a.O., S. 33 und 33 n). Sickles wurde später ein 2. Mal zum BrigGen rückwirkend auf das Datum der ersten Ernennung ernannt und dieses Mal durch den Senat bestätigt (vgl. Nevins: Col Wainwright, a.a.O., S. 33 n).

 

Während der Gettysburg Campaign war Sickles Kommandeur des 3. Corps.

Sickles erhielt am 30.6.1863 unterschiedliche Befehle von MajGen Meade über die weitere Vorgehensweise von Sickles' III im Raum Emmitsburg; zugleich wurde das Army Corps Sickles' der Left Wing Army of the Potomac unter MajGen Reynold's unterstellt, der abweichende Befehle. Hätte Meade seinen ursprünglichen Befehl von 14.45 Uhr aufrecht erhalten, nämlich Sickles' Army Korps von Taneytown nach Emmitsburg vorzuziehen, wäre das III. Korps in die Nähe von Reynolds' I und IX Army Korps gewesen und hätte dann am 1.7.1863 rechtzeitig in Gettysburg eingreifen können. Meade gab jedoch am 30.6.1863 zu späterer Uhrzeit den Befehl an Sickles' Korps, to "throw out strong pickets on the roads from Emmitsburg to Greencastle und Chambersburg", worauf Sickles sein Corps bei Bridgeport anhielt und bei Mead nachfragte, um die Befehlslage zu klären. Sickles hat daraufhin offenbar von Meade einen mündlichen Befehl erhalten, denn Sickles berichtete an Reynolds, daß er von Meade den Befehl erhalten habe, sein Korps (bei Bridgeport ?) angehalten habe und Biwak beziehe (vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 50).

 

Reynolds's-Sickles-Kontroverse:

Am 1.7.1863 wurde Sickles von MajGen Reynolds, dessen 1st Corps bald darauf vor Gettysburg an McPherson's Ridge in schwere Abwehrkämpfe verwickelt werden sollte, vom Vordringen des Feindes unterrichtet und aufgefordert worden, sein Corps von Taney­town nach Gettysburg vorzuziehen (Karte bei Sauers, The Meade-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 15). Sickles folgte dieser Aufforde­rung zunächst nicht, da der Oberkommandierende Gen Meade durch schriftlichen Befehl das 3. Corps in den Raum Emmitsburg be­fohlen hatte und anschließend durch mündlichen Befehl an Sickles angeordnet hatte, das Corps bei Taneytown anzuhalten. Sickles entsandte auf die Mitteilung Reynolds über die angespannte Lage bei Gettysburg zunächst einen seiner Adjutanten, Major Henry E. *Tremain nach Gettysburg, um die Lage zu klären. Dieser traf Reynolds an, noch bevor dessen Corps bei McPherson's Ridge in schwere Abwehrkämpfe verwickelt war. Reynolds wiederholte les Controversy, a.a.O., S. 23-24 und S. 166 Anm. 53; "Another Get­tysburg. Col. Norris Charges that Sickles Disobeyed Orders," Philadelphia Weekly Press, July 7, 1886; James Beale, "Reynolds and Sickles. Mr. Beale's Important Statement Regarding Gettysburg," Philadelphia Press, July 12, 1886; A. Wilson Norris, "The Gettys­burg Controversy," Philadelphia Press, July 14, 1886; Joseph A. Rosengarten, "Was Sickles Dilatory in Moving to the Front?" Phil­adelphia Press, August 15, 1886; Daniel E. Sickles, "Sickles Defends the Course Pursued by Him at Gettysburg," National Tribu­ne, August 26, 1886; Hoke, Jacob: The Great Invasion of 1863, or, General Lee in Pennsylvania [Dayton, Ohio: W. J. Shuey, 1887] S. 448-70).

 

Sickles marschierte, nachdem er sich aufgrund der Lageentwicklung, entgegen dem Befehl Meade's zum Vormarsch nach Gettysburg entschlossen hatte (Meade's geänderter Befehl erreichte Sickles' Corps erst später; vgl. Sauers, a.a.O., S. 26; vgl. Trudeau: Gettys­burg, a.a.O., S. 280), mit 2 Divisionen auf ge­trennten Marschstraßen Richtung Gettysburg (vgl. Sauers, a.a.O., S. 26-37), ohne aller­dings genaue Kenntnis von der Feindlage zu haben. Hierbei wäre Humphrey's 2nd Division beinahe Black Horse Tavern an der Ha­gerstown Road in biwakierende CS-Truppen hinein marschiert. Humphrey hatte aus Vorsicht jedoch, als er Biwakfeuer erkannte, zu­nächst eine Aufklärung angesetzt, die die Lage klärte. Humphrey änderte daraufhin die Marschstraße und traf mit seinen völlig er­schöpften Soldaten erst gegen 2.00 Nachts an der Cemetary Ridge in Gettysburg ein (vgl. Sauers, a.a.O., S. 27). Über die aus seiner Sicht mangelhafte Führung Sickles beklagte sich Humphrey brieflich bei seinen Freunden (vgl. Sauers, a.a.O., S. 167 Anm. 60).

 

Meade-Sickles Kontroverse:

Am 2.7.1863 zog Sickles sein 3. Corps entgegen dem Befehl Meade's nach vorne und setzte diese am Westabhang von Plum Run und an der Emmitsburg Road ein, verursachte hierdurch eine Frontlücke, die zu den Problemen bei Devil's Den und Little Round Top führte. Später begründete Sickles seine Entscheidung vor dem Committee of the Conduct of the War, damit, daß ohne das Vorschie­ben seiner Truppen die linke Front unhaltbar geworden und die Schlacht verloren worden wäre (vgl. Sickles Testimony, CCW, S. 298; Pfanz: Gettysburg. The Second Day, a.a.O., S. 124).

 

Sickles war ein Unterstützer von MajGen Hooker (vgl. Shultz/Mingus: Gettysburg Second Day, a.a.O., S. 12).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Knoop, Jeanne W.: "I follow the Course, Come What May": Major General Daniel E. Sickles, USA (New York: Vantage Press, 1998). Das Buch enthält nichts Neues (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg: The Meade-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 164 Anm. 14)

- **Pinchon, Edgcumb: Dan Sickles: Hero of Gettysburg and "Yankee King of Spain" (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1945). Pichon's book is overly laudatory and contains no footnotes for verification of his sources (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg: The Mea­de-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 164 Anm. 14)

- **Sauers, Richard J.: Gettysburg. The Meade-Sickles Controversy (Brassey's Inc.: Washington DC, 2003)

- **Sickles, Daniel E.: Letterpress Book, Duke University, William R. Perkins Library, Manuscript Department, Durham, N. C.

- **Sickles, Daniel E., D. McM. Gregg, John Newton and Daniel Butterfield: „Further Recollections of Gettysburg“. North American Review, vol. 152, no. 412 (March 1891)

- **Sickles, Daniel Edgar: Papers. New York Society, New York, N. Y.

- **Swanberg, W. A.: Sickles the Incredible (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1956). Swanberg's Werk is heavely biased in favor of the general, but remains the best sketch of Sickles yet in print (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg: The Meade-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 164 Anm. 14)

 

 

Sigel, Franz:

US-MajGen; 1824 Sinsheim/Baden - 1902, Militärakademie Karlsruhe, Leutnant; 1848er Revolutionär, August *Willich übertrug ihm im April 1848 den Befehl über einen der vier Flügel der Revolutionsarmee; Sigel wurde in der Schlacht von Freiburg geschlagen und floh in die Schweiz. 1849 zurückgekehrt, übernahm er die Verteidigung der badischen Grenze und wurde erneut geschlagen. Si­gel unter Schock versteckte sich in einem Hotelzimmer. Der Revolutionsführer Lorenz Brentano ernannte Sigel danach vorüber­gehend zum Kriegsminister und anschließend Adjutanten des neuen Armeekommandeurs. Sigel befehligte erneut einen Teil der Re­volutionsarmee und wurde erneut, diesmal bei Waghäusel geschlagen. Anschließend erhielt er den bedeutungslosen Titel des Oberbe­fehlshabers. Siegel floh 1852 in die USA und wurde Verwalter einer German Language School. Später zog er nach St. Louis / Miss­ouri, wo er Leiter aller städtischen Schulen wurde. In St. Louis half Sigel den 'Turnverein' aufzustellen, einer Organisation zur Befrei­ung Deutschlands (vgl. Davis: Battle of New Market, a.a.O., S. 8).s von Süden her an, die in Erwartung von Sigels Angriff eine Hü­gelstellung bezogen hatten; entgegen deren Haltung in der Schlacht von Booneville (wo die Missouri State Guard nach dem ersten Artil­leriefeuer geflohen waren) hielten Jackson's Truppen stand; Jackson's Cavalry umging Sigel's Truppen an beiden Flanken, wo­durch Sigel zum Rückzug zunächst südlich nach Carthage, dann in einem Ausweichmanöver ostwärts nach Sarcoxie und Springfield ge­zwungen war, um die Truppen Lyon's abzuwarten (vgl. Brooksher: Bloody Hill, a.a.O., S. 115-126; Moneghan: Civil War on the We­stern Border, a.a.O., S. 153 ff, der Sigel's Führungskunst auch während des Rückzugs bewundert); Wilson’s Creek, Bentonville, Pea Ridge, Second Bull Run, New Market.

 

Sigel, Ex-Leutnant im 4. badischen Inf.-Reg., organisiert bei Kriegsausbruch das 3. Missouri. Dank nützlicher Kontakte und des Ta­lents, Deutschamerikaner für die Sache des Nordens zu begeistern („I figths mit Sigel an I runs mit Schurz“), wird er BrigGen., nach seiner größten Stunde in Pea Ridge GenMaj. Als pol. General mit Verlierer-Image heftig umstritten, unterliegt Sigel bei New Market Breckenridge und wird von Lincoln entlassen. Nachkriegszeit: Redakteur des deutschsprachigen „Baltimore Wecker“.

 

Sigel wird durchweg in seinen militärischen Fähigkeiten schlecht beurteilt. "Trained as a soldier, humorless, dedicated, unhappily lacking in the capacity to lead soldiers in action; a baffling sort, devoted but incapable, who induced many Germans to enlist but who was rather able to use properly after they had enlisted" (vgl. Catton: Terrible Swift Sword, a.a.O., S. 15; Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 21); als Beispiel wird der Marsch von Sperryville nach Culpeper Court House Anfang August 1862 bei Pope's Vorstoß nach Süden erwähnt, der zu solchen unnötigen Rückfragen und Verzögerungen führte, weil Sigel sich nach dem Marschweg erkundigte, obwohl nur eine Straße vorhanden war; im Stab Pope's war deshalb die Ansicht verbreitet, nicht einmal Sigel könne so dumm sein, vielmehr müsse bewußte Bosheit angenommen werden (vgl. Krick, Robert K.: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 21; Stackpole: From Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 35; Horton, Charles P. et al.: "The Campaign of General Pope in Virginia"; in: Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, 12 vols (Boston, Mass, 1881-1912); 2: 46; Smith, Thomas Church Haskell *Smith: Papers, Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio). Sigel' Vormarsch nach Süden war derart langsam, daß er Culpeper spät erreichte und der gesamte Vorstoß von Pope's Army verzögert wurde. Hinzukam, daß Sigel den Befehl Pope's bezüg­lich der Versorgung der Truppen mit 2-Tages-Rationen mißachtete. Dies führte dazu, daß er in Culpeper zunächst Rationen vom Train des Corps M

 

Sigel protestierte Ende 1861 gegen die Ernennung von Gen. *Curtis zum Befehlshaber der Truppen in Missouri (vgl. *Pea Ridge; vgl. Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 7), da er aufgrund seines Engagements in Missouri und seines enormen politischen Einfluß auf die unionsgesinnten Deutschen in Missouri, den Befehl über die Truppen für sich selbst beanspruchte. Er beugte sich nach Interventi­on von Gen. *Halleck schließlich (vgl. Hess, Earl J.: „Sigel’s Resignation: A Study in German-Americanism and the Civil War.“ Ci­vil War History 26 [1980], S. 5-17).

 

"Sigel was a German immigrant of very limited military attainments, but he had well-placed political friends" (vgl. Krick, Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 5).

 

Sigel zeigte eine alarmierende Tendenz, Befehle zu ignorieren und sich in exzentrischen Manövern zu engagieren (Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 30). Während der Wintermonate 1861/62 erhielt der US-Befehlshaber des Militärbezirks Missouri (bis März 1862) MajGen Halleck, beunruhigende Informationen über Sigel’s Rolle während des Gefechts von *Wilson’s Creek. Es wurde bekannt, daß Sigel BrigGen *Lyon davon überzeugt hatte, seine kleine Armee in Anwesenheit des Feindes zu teilen, ein Schritt der direkt in die Niederlage führte. Am 15.2.1862 warnte Halleck daraufhin Sigel’s Vorgesetzten *Curtis. Inzwischen hatte Sigel jedoch in Spring­field Gen. Curtis bereits davon überzeugt, die Southwest Army zu teilen und unter Sigel’s Führung einen Umgehungsstoß in den Rücken der CS-Truppen zu unternehmen. Bis die Nachricht von Gen. Halleck bei Curtis eintraf hatte dieser allerdings bereits selbst Zweifel in Sigel’s Verläßlichkeit und seinen Rat entwickelt (vgl. Hess, Sigel’s Resignation, a.a.O., S. 556; Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 345 Anm. 11).

 

Sigel befehligte 1864 die Truppen beim „Zug zum Meer“ durch Georgia++++

 

Photo:

- Brooksher: Bloody Hill, a.a.O., nach S. 114 (Sigel als Col)

- Shea / Hess, Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 8;

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Brauer, Leonard and Goosen, Evelyn (eds.): Hier snackt Wi Platdeutsch (Cloe Camp, Mo.: City of Cole Camp, 1989), S. 182-184 (zur zeitgenössischen Charakterisierung von Sigel und seinen beschränkten Fähigkeiten als Kommandeur)

- Engle, Stephen D.: Yankee The Life of Franz Sigel (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993)

- Engle, Stephen: „Franz Sigel at Pea Ridge.“ The Arkansas Historical Quarterly 50 (Autumn 1991): 249-70

- Engle, Stephen: „A Raised Consciousness: Franz Sigel and German Ethnic Identity in the Civil War.“ Yearbook of German-Ameri­can Studies 34 (1999): 1-17

- Hee, Earl J.: "Sigel's Resignation: A Study in German-Americanism and the Civil War." Civil War History 26 (1980), S. 53-77

- Horton, Charles P. et al.: "The Campaign of General Pope in Virginia"; in: Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, 12 vols (Boston, Mass, 1881-1912); 2:31-53

- Sigel, Franz: „The Pea Ridge Campaign.“ In Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. Robert U. Johnson und Clarence C. Buel. 4 vols. New York, 1884-87, Vol. I., S. 306

- Sigel, Franz: Franz Sigel Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland (Battle of Wilson's Creek), Letter of 10.8.1895 to Walter L. Howard;

- Sigel, Franz: Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland

 

 

Sigsbee, Charles:

1845-1923; US-Marine Offizier; Charles D. Sigsbee, career naval officer, was born in Albany, New York on January 16, 1845. Upon graduating from the Navel Academy in 1863 he began a career which would be remembered, primarily, for his service as the last Captain of the USS Maine in 1898. At the start of his career he served under the two most famous Union naval commanders of the Civil War. He was first assigned to the West Gulf Blockade Squadron under Admiral David G. Farragut, serving on the USS Monoga­hela and USS Brooklyn. It was aboard the Brooklyn, the first of the wooden vessels to run past the guns of Fort Morgan, that Sigsbee took part in the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864. Sigsbee was then transferred to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron un­der Admiral David D. Porter.

 

It was in service with the North Atlantic Squadron that Sigsbee participated in the largest naval action of the war, that being the attack on Fort Fisher, North Carolina in December, 1864 and January, 1865. Fort Fisher’s significance was that it protected Wilmington as a haven for blockade runners. General Lee warned Colonel William Lamb, Confederate Commander of Fort Fisher, that the Fort must be held at all costs, for without the supplies from the blockade runners, his army could not be sustained and he would be forced to evacuate Richmond.

 

The assault of Fort Fisher took place in two attempts. The first, unsuccessful, attempt took place on December 24-25, 1864. It was planned to consist of a naval bombardment, followed by a land assault. The initial attack took place when the former blockade run­ner, Louisiana, was loaded with two hundred thirty-five tons of gun powder and was run close to the Fort where it exploded shortly after midnight on the morning of the twenty-fourth. The only damage done was to destroy the ship. At daylight, Porter’s ships began an intense bombardment. Bombardment was recommenced on Christmas morning. Troops under the command of General Ben Butler were landed and reported that the Fort was virtually undamaged by the naval fire. He then evacuated his troops and returned to Hampton Roads. General Grant then replaced Butler with Maj. Gen. A. J. Terry.

 

The second attack on Fort Fisher began with the landing of General Terry’s troops on January 13, 1865. Admiral Porter employed dif­ferent bombardment orders in the second attack. In the first attack, the navy had conducted a general bombardment of the Fort. In the second attack, each of the forty-four ships was assigned specific targets and ordered to shell them until destroyed. A force of 1,600 sailors and 400 marines were landed on the morning of January 15 for an assault on the Fort from the seaward while the army at­tacked from the landward. Heavy naval bombardment was commenced until 3 pm when the troops were ready for the assault. The Confederates mistook the sailor and marine attack as the main attack and concentrated their defenses upon it. This permitted the army to succeed in taking the Fort by 9 pm. Fort Fisher was the most fortified position taken by amphibious assault during the Civil War. As he predicted, General Lee was able to hold out only three months after the fall of Fort Fisher. (zur Nachkriegs Karriere von Sigs­bee als Marineoffizier s. Internet Datei).

 

 

Silliman, Justus M.:

US-Pvt; Co. H, 17th Regiment Connecticut Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M535 Roll 14; vgl. Coco: Civil War Infantryman, a.a.O., S. 15); original filed un­ter 'Sillman'.

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

Marcus Edward M. (ed.) (Justus M. Silliman): A New Canaan Private in the Civil War (New Canaan/CT, 1984)

 

 

Simmers, William (D):

US-2ndLt; Co. G&K, 153rd Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M554 Roll 12).

 

1831 Hessen/Germany - † Jan. 1878 Jim Thorpe, Carbon County/PA. an einem Schlaganfall; beerd. Richmond Methodist Church Ce­metery, Richmond, Northampton County/PA.; °° mit Lavina Beard Simmers (1831-1862) (vgl. www.findagrave.com, Abruf vom 11.6. 2016).

 

Photo:

- www.findagrave.com

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Simmers, William and Paul Bachschmid: The Volunteers Manual: Or Ten Months with the 153d Penn'a Volunteers (Easton, Printer, 1863)

 

 

Simmonds (Simmons), Lamack J.:

US-Pvt; Co. A, 9th Regiment Kentucky Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M386 Roll 25); originally filed under Lamack J. Sim­mons.

 

 

Simmonds, Seth J.:

US-Captain; Simmonds' Battery, Kentucky Light Artillery (vgl. National Park Soldiers M386 Roll 25). Im Battle of Antietam am 17.9.1862 eingesetzt an der Lower Bridge (Burnside Bridge) südöstlich von Sharpsburg (vgl. Priest: Antietam, a.a.O., S. 237).

 

 

Simmons, Manuel:

CS-Pvt, Co E, 18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment (vgl. National Park Soldiers M230 Roll 36); geb. 1833 Lissabon/Portugal - † 13.5.1863 Confederate General Hospital No. 12 in Richmond, Virginia nach schwerer Verwundung am 3.5.1863 im Battle of the Wil­derness.

 

May 13, 1863 fell on a Wednesday. That afternoon a Confederate soldier named Manuel Simmons, a private in Company E, 18th North Carolina Infantry, died of his wounds in Confederate General Hospital No. 12 in Richmond, Virginia. Simmons had been wounded ten days prior at the Battle of Chancellorsville, struck by a "grapeshot passing through [the] upper third of the thigh fractu­ring the bone" as his regiment was ordered to charge a Union position that included twenty-eight artillery pieces. His death went little noticed. Unmarried, he had no widow or other family to come forward and claim his last effects or pay, and no obituary appeared in any newspaper. His death, and that of many others at Chancellorsville, was largely overshadowed by the demise on May 10 of Lieu­tenant General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, who had been mortally wounded on the night of May 2 in a friendly fire incident. Iro­nically, the bullets that ultimately killed Jackson had been fired by Simmons's own regiment. However, Simmons's story is an import­ant, if little known aspect of North Carolina's participation in the Confederacy, for Manual Simmons hailed from a foreign land. Born in Lisbon, Portugal in 1833, he had come to America in search of a new life, arriving in Wilmington in 1856. Two years later he app­lied for, and received, his naturalization as a United States citizen and, having renounced his allegiance to King Pedro V of Portugal, settled as a laborer on a farm along the lower Black River in New Hanover County. At the outbreak of the war, Simmons threw his lot in with the Confederacy, for which he would fight, and ultimately die. His story, and that of hundreds of other foreign-born North Ca­rolina Confederates, has gone largely ignored in accounts of the conflict to date (vgl. http://www.nccivilwar150.Com/features/ foreig­ners/foreigners.htm).

 

 

Simmons, William T.:

US-1stLt; Co. C, 11th Regiment Missouri Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M390 Roll 44).

 

Lt William T. Simmons erhielt 24.2.1865 die Medal of Honor für seinen Einsatz bei Nashville: „Capture of flag of 34th Alabama In­fantry (C.S.A.)." (vgl. National Park, Medal of Honor Recipients, William T. Simmons).

 

 

Simon, Ferdinand:

Unionist in Texas; s. Ausführungen zu Ernst *Cramer

 

 

Simonds, William Edgar:

US-Sergeant Major, 25th Connecticut Infantry. Entered service at: Canton, Conn. Medal of Honor am 25.2.1899 für seinem Einsatz bei Irish Bend, La. am 14.4.1863. Citation. Displayed great gallantry, under a heavy fire from the enemy, in calling in the skirmishers and assisting in forming the line of battle (vgl. File submitted by Donald W. Johnson (DW9JOHNSON@aol.com) Submitted to the LAGenWeb Archives).

 

 

Simons, Ezra D.:

US-Chaplain, Co. D; 125th New York Infantry; zunächst Pvt, später Chaplain (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 129).

 

Photo:

aus http://firstbaptistbloomfield.org/pastors1.htm

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Simons, nts. As they joined the moving column on the march toward Pennsylvania the hardfighting veterans of the Second Corps disparaged Willard's men as the 'Harper's Ferry Brigade', calling them 'band-box soldiers'. On the evening of July 2, Maj. Gen. Win­field S. Hancock led the 125th from their position near Cemetery Hill toward the fighting in the south where Barksdale's Mississip­pians were surging forward through a huge hole in the Union line. The 'Harper's Ferry Brigade' saw this as their chance to erase the shame of their surrender. Willard formed his lines carefully in a hail of missiles and ordered the men to fix bayonets. When they hit the Rebel line, in the low ground along Plum Run, it was the Southerners who broke, and Barksdale went down, wounded. Willard's men pursued, recapturing Yankee guns as they went. Willard was killed shortly after this victory by a shell fragment.

 

 

Simonson, Peter:

US-Captain; 1864 während Sherman's Atlanta Campaign war Simonson Chef der Artillery der 1st Division David S. Stanley, IV. Corps Howard in Thomas Army of the Cumberland (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 164; B & L, vol. IV, S. 284).

 

 

Simonton, John M.:

CS-Col, 1861 Regimentskommandeur 1st Mississippi Infantry (vgl. Sifakis, Compendium of the Confederate Armies, Mississippi, a.a.O., Nr. 129).

 

 

Sims, Samuel J.:

† 30.7.1864 gef. Battle of Petersburg Crater bei der Mine Explosion (vgl. Base of the monument to Samuel Sims in Green-Wood Ce­metery); US-Captain, Co. G, 51st New York Infantry Regiment (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 129).

 

Photo:

Captain Samuel J. Sims (vgl. http://www.wnyc.org/story/150-years-after-civil-wars-end-recalling-soldier-brooklyn)

 

 

Sims, William B.:

CS-Col, 9th Texas Cavalry (vgl. Crabb: All Afire, a.a.O., S. 56). Im Frühjahr 1862 während der Pea Ridge Campaign gehörte die 9th Texas Cavalry zu BrigGen James M. *McIntosh's Cavalry Brigade in Benjamin *McCulloch's Division, Van Dorn's Army of the West (vgl. Shea / Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 335). Sims wurde im Battle of Pea Ridge verwundet im Gefecht bei Foster's Farm (vgl. Shea / Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 103;). Sims schied im Mai 1862 aus (vgl. Crabb, a.a.O., S. 93).

 

 

Singletary, George E. Badger:

CS-Col, 27.2.1827 North Carolina - † gef. 5.6.1862 Battle of Tranter's Creek; beerd. City Cemetery in Raleigh, NC (vgl. http://www. findagrave.com); Col. 44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment (vgl. Wilson: Pettigrew and his Men, a.a.O., S. 47; http://www. fin­dagrave.com). Bruder von Col Thomas C. Singletary, dem späteren Col der 44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment (Pettigrew's Bri­gade) (vgl. Wilson: Pet­tigrew and his Men, a.a.O., S. 47).

 

Occupation before War: Attorney in Greenville Pitt County North Carolina; served in the Mexican War; General in North Carolina State Militia; 1854 – 1855: North Carolina State Representative; Civil War Career: 1861: Captain of Company H 27th North Carolina

Infantry Regiment; 1861: Lt. Colonel of Singletary's North Carolina Battalion; 1861: Colonel of Singletary's North Carolina Battali­on; 1861: Resigned as Colonel of Singletary's North Carolina Battalion; 1862: Colonel of 44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment; 1862: Killed in battle during the Battle of Tranter's Creek N.C. (vgl. http://www.findagrave.com).

 

 

Singletary, Thomas C.:

CS-Col; 44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment (Pettigrew's Brigade). Er ist der Bruder von Col. George E. Badger Singletary, der bis zu seinem Tod im Battle of Tranter's Creek am 5.6.1862 das 44th North Carolina Infantry Regiment befehligte (vgl. Wilson: Pet­tigrew and his Men, a.a.O., S. 47).

 

 

Sipes, William B.:

US-LtCol; 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry; eingesetzt im Ost-Kentucky im Raum Covington, KY auf dem Südufer des Ohio River ggü. von Cincinnati; vgl. Karte Davis Nr. 103.2, 151)

 

 

Skinner, James H.:

CS-LtCol; geboren 1829 oder 1830 (vgl. Krick: Conquering the Valley, a.a.O., S. 381: während der Valley Campaign 1862 war Skin­ner 36 Jahr alt); aus Staunton, Va.; Rechtsanwalt (Krick: Conquering the Valley, a.a.O., S. 381; CS-Captain; zum CS-Major befördert im Frühjahr 1862 (vgl. Krick: Conquering, a.a.O., S. 381); Regimentskommandeur 52nd Virginia Infantry in der Valley Campaign (vgl. Krick: Conquering, a.a.O., S. 382) und beim Battle of Port Republic (vgl. Krick: Conquering, a.a.O., S. 381, 382); verwundet im Battle of Cold Harbor (vgl. Hotchkiss, a.a.O., S. 130); im Sommer 1862 während der Seven Days Battle (vgl. Early: War Me­moirs, a.a.O., S. 80) und beim Vorstoß Jackson's gegen Pope's Army of Virginia Anfang August 1862 und beim Battle of Cedar Mountain am 9.8.1862 war Skinner Regimentskommandeur der 52nd Virginia Infantry (Early's Brigade).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Early: War Memoirs, a.a.O., S. 80

- Hotchkiss: Make me a Map, a.a.O., S. 129, 130, 296 n 41

- Krick: Conquering the Valley, a.a.O., S. 381, 382

 

 

Skinner, William:

US-First Sergeant; Co. B, 71st Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 100); Teilnahme am Battle of Sholoh am 6./7.4.1862 (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 78, 111).

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- Skinner, William: Letters; Shiloh National Military Park Library (SNMP)

 

 

Slack, James Richard:

US-MajGen; +++Boatner S. 763+++; US-Col und Brigadekommandeur der 2. Brigade in McClernand's XIII Army Corps, 12th Divi­sion BrigGen Alvin P. Hovey. Teilnahme an Grant's Vicksburg Campaign 1863. Marsch zur Umgehung von *Grand Gulf auf der Westseite des Mississippi in Louisiana von Coffee's Point bis zum Ufer gegenüber *Bruinsburg im April 1863 (vgl. Bearss, Edwin Cole: The Vicksburg Campaign, Vol. II, a.a.O, Bibliothek Ref MilAmerik44d2, S. 317-18; Karte: Davis Nr. 155 D6); Battle of Port Gibson, Miss. am 1.5.1863. +++ Boatner S. 763+++

 

Slack was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 1818. His family moved to Indiana in 1837 where he worked as a farm hand on his father's farm. He also worked as a teacher, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1840. He moved to Huntington, Indiana where he became involved in politics, first as county auditor then as a state senator.

 

On December 13, 1861 Slack was appointed colonel of the 47th Indiana Volunteer Infantry.[2] Shortly after he assumed command of a brigade in the Army of the Mississippi. During the Battle of Island Number Ten he commanded the 1st Brigade in General John M. Palmer's 3rd Division of the Army of the Mississippi. After that, Slack led his regiment in several expeditions in the Mississippi Val­ley.

 

In 1863 he was again in brigade command during the Vicksburg Campaign where he led the 2nd Brigade, 12th Division, XIII Corps. During the siege of Vicksburg he was transferred to command the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIII Corps. He remained in command of this brigade during the Red River Campaign. During the fall of 1864 he commanded the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps and was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on November 10, 1864.

 

By the end of the war General Slack was in command of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division XIII Corps which he led at the battle of Fort Blakely. He received a brevet promotion to major general on March 13, 1865 and was assigned command at Brazos Santiago,Texas, until sent home to Indiana to be with the 47th Indiana when they mustered out of the army.[4] He was mustered out of volunteers on January 15, 1866.

 

After the war General Slack returned to Huntington to resume his law practice. He was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit and ran for U.S. Congress in 1881 but was defeated. Slack died while visiting Chicago in 1881. He was buried in Huntington (aus https://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/James_R._Slack).

 

Photo:

MajGen James R. Slack (vgl. http://generalsandbrevets.com/union-generals-s/)

 

 

Slack, William Y.:

CS-BrigGen; zum BrigGen ernannt durch Missouri Governor Claiborne Jackson (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 763) am 17.4.1861 (vgl. Wright, Marcus J.: General Officers of the Confederate Army, a.a.O.) der Missouri State Guard; nach Shea/Hess (vgl. Shea/Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 23) war Slack CS-Col; im Juni 1861 eingesetzt in Lexington, Mo. gegen *Lyon (vgl. Brooks­her: Bloody Hill, a.a.O., S. 91, 113); im Mai 1862 und BrigKdr der 2nd Missouri Brigade (vgl. Shea/Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 23); schwerverwundet im Battle von Pea Ridge am 7.3.1862, gestorben an den Folgen der Verwundung am 20.3.1862 (vgl. Shea/Hess, a.a.O., S. 274). Slack wurde beerdigt an Roller Bridge nahe der heutigen modernen Brücke, exhumiert und liegt heute im Confedera­te Cemetery in Fayett­ville (vgl. Shea/Hess, a.a.O., S. 380 Anm. 41).

 

1.8.1816 Mason County/Kentucky - † 21.5.1862 nach Verwundung am 7.3.1852 im Battle of Pea Ridge/Missouri; Slack served in the Mexican American War as a Captain in the 2nd Missouri Volunteers. Shortly after the start of the Civil War, he organized the Missou­ri State Guard and was commissioned Brigadier General in July, 1861. He assumed command of the 4th Division, seeing action in the battles of Carthage, Springfield and was wounded at the Battle of Wilson's Creek on August 10, 1861. After recovering, he returned to duty in command of the 2nd brigade of the Missouri State Guard in January, 1862. On March 7, 1862, he was shot again in the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas and removed from the field. He was transported to a field hospital in Moore's Mill, where his condition rapidly deteriorated and died on March 21, 1862 (vgl. http://www.findagrave.com).

 

Photo:

BrigGen William Y. Slack (vgl. http://generalsandbrevets.com/confederate-s/)

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Brooksher: Bloody Hill, a.a.O., S. 91, 113, 124, 187, 213, 223

- Slack, William Y.: Papers, University of Missouri, Columbia

 

 

Slade, James Jeremiah:

CS-2ndLt; Co. A, 10th Regiment Georgia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M226 Roll 55); auf einem Photo bei www.findagra­ve.com als 'Captain' bezeichnet.

 

 

Slade, John Henry:

CS-Pvt; Co. G (Anm.: richtig wohl Co. H, vgl. Priest: Antietam, a.a.O., S. 239), 2nd Regiment Georgia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M226 Roll 55; hier bezeichnet als J. H. Slade; bei Priest: Antietam, a.a.O., S. 239 als „Johnnie Slade“; bei www.findagrave als John Henry Slade').

 

Johnnie Slade and his small band of friends from Columbus, Georgia marched south from Hagerstown, Maryland two days before the battle of Sharpsburg. Members of the Columbus Guards of the 2nd Georgia Volunteers, they encamped on September 15, 1862 in a meadow just above the banks of the Antietam Creek. On September 17 this small band of men, along with some from the 20th Ge­orgia, numbering at most a couple hundred, kept the Union 9th Corps under Burnside bottled up and unable to cross Rohrbach's bridge, at the same time rendering innumerable casualties among the northern forces. After hours of holding off Burnside's men, the vastly outnumbered Georgians gave way and retreated toward Sharpsburg. Two weeks after the battle one of John Slades' friends, Theodore Fogle, recalled to his parents what happened:"Poor Johnnie Slade, he was a splendid soldier. He did his duty well before he fell. He had nearly shot away all his cartridges & was standing up watching the effect of his last shot when a ball passed through the third finger of his right hand and into his stomach and liver. It came out at his back (and) he was carried off to a safe place..."He was taken by ambulance along the road to Shepardstown to a hospital but died before reaching the Potomac. John Slade was buried near a brigade hospital on the farm of David Smith just west of Sharpsburg. His body remained there until his family arranged his exhumati­on after the war and John was reinterred in the family plot in Columbus March 23, 1869 (vgl. www.findagrave, Abruf vom 24.6.2016).

 

11.1.1843 Columbus/Georgia - † 18.9.1862 Sharpsburg, nach tödlicher Verwundung im Battle of Antietam am 17.9.1863; S. v. Tho­mas Bog Slade und Annie Jacqueline Blount Slade; Bruder von [2ndLt ] James Jeremiah *Slade (vgl. www.findagrave, Abruf vom 25.6.2016).

 

 

Slade, Lyman Chester:

CS-2ndLt; Co. B, 3rd Regiment Georgia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M226 Roll 55).

 

Private April 26, 1861. Appointed 1st Sergeant April 30, 1862. Elected Jr. 2d Lieutenant August 30, 1862. Wounded, Chancellors­ville, Va. May 3, 1863; Gettysburg, Pa. July 2, 1863. Elected 2d Lieutenant July 1, 1864. Surrendered, Appomattox, Va. April 9, 1865. Superintendent of Confederate Soldier's Home, Atlanta, Ga. In 1904 (vgl. Henderson, Lillian, with new Material by John Rig­don: Roster of the Confederate Soldiers of Georgia, vol 2).

 

 

Sledge, Collins M.:

CS-Sgt; Co A 1st Arkansas Infantry; Sledge was an eyewitness to the first battle of Bull Run but neglected to describe the event in any great detail. He also participated in a skirmish near Corinth, Mississippi, on May 9, 1862, and in his letter home the next day he related his experiences, including the shooting of a Union soldier who refused to surrender (vgl. Molsie A. R. Osborne. Papers, 1855-1890s; enthält Briefe von Sledge; Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville: Manuscript Resources for the Civil War, Compiled by Kim Allen Scott, 1990).

 

 

Slemon, W. F.:

CS-Col; Brigadekommandeur in Col William H. 'Red' Jackson's Cavalry in Nord Mississippi im November 1862 während Grant's Vorstoß gegen Holly Springs (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, a.a.O., Vol. I, S. 50).

 

 

Slidell, John:

1860 Senator aus Louisiana; Sprecher und Chief Hatchet von Präsident Buchanan (vgl. Catton: The Coming Fury, a.a.O., S. 3). Sli­dell traf am 5.1.1861 zur Vorbereitung des CS-Gründungskongresses vom Februar 1861 und zur Vorbereitung der Entscheidung über die Sezession mit Jefferson *Davis, Albert G. *Brown u.a. anderen zusammen (vgl. Davis: A Government of Our Own, a.a.O., S. 12)

 

Nach der Sezession CS-Botschafter in ++++; Slidell wurde auf der Fahrt nach Europa auf CSS Trent von US-Kapital Charles *Wil­kes gestoppt und am 8.11.1861 gefangengenommen (sog. Trent-Affair), was fast zum Krieg mit Großbritannien geführt hätte (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., Vorbemerkung, S. 46); Slidell war der Schwiegervater von Gen. *Beauregard (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 23).

 

 

Sligh, James:

US-+++; 15th Michigan Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sligh, James: Letters (Michigan Historical Collection, Bentley Historical Society, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor / Michigan)

 

 

Sloan, Andrew J.:

US-Pvt; geboren Bedford County / Pa.; Co H, 12th Iowa Infantry; entered service at: Colesburg, Delaware County / Iowa. Medal of Honor am 24.2.1865 für seinen Einsatz am 16.12.1864 bei Nashville, Citation: Captured flag of 1st Louisiana Battery (C.S.A.).

 

 

Sloan, John A.:

CS-+++; Co B "Guildford Grays" 27th North Carolina Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

Sloan, John A.: Reminiscenses of the Guildford Grays .. (Washington, 1883).

 

 

Sloan, Thomas:

CS-LtCol; 53rd Georgia Infantry, Semmes' Brigade:

 

 

Sloan, Thomas J.:

US-Col; ++++; unehrenhafte Entlassung aus der Armee am 16.1.1864 "for conduct unbecoming a Gentleman and an Officer (vgl. Snedeker, Diary, a.a.O v. 16.1.1864).

 

 

Sloan, William E.:

CS-Pvt (?); 5th Tennessee Cavalry (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 262).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sloan, William E. Diary, Tennessee State Library and Archives Nashville

 

 

Slocum, Henry W.:

US-MajGen; er kommandierte das 12th Corps in Gettysburg (vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg: The First Day, a.a.O., S. 8; Pfanz: Gettysburg. The Second Day, a.a.O., S. 16).

 

SLOCUM, Henry Warner, a Representative from New York; born in Delphi, Onondaga County, N.Y., September 24, 1827; was gra­duated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and commissioned as a second lieutenant, First Artillery, July 1, 1852; served in the Seminole War and was promoted to first lieutenant March 3, 1855; resigned his commission October 31, 1856; settled in Syracuse, N.Y.; studied law while in the Army; was admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced in Syracuse, N.Y.; member of the State assembly in 1859; entered the Union Army as colonel of the Twenty-eighth New York Volunteers in May 1861; promoted to major general and resigned his commission September 28, 1865, and settled in Brooklyn, N.Y., where he continued the practice of law; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for secretary of state of New York; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); was not a candidate for renomination in 1872; resumed the practice of law; was appoin­ted president of the department of city works in 1876; elected as a „Representative at Large“ from New York to the Forty-eighth Con­gress (March 4, 1883-March 3, 1885); died in Brooklyn, N.Y., April 14, 1894; interment in Greenwood Cemetery (vgl. http://biogui­de.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000496).

 

Slocum was born in Delphi, a hamlet in Onondaga County, New York. He attended Cazenovia Seminary and worked as a teacher. He obtained an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1848, where he did well academically, graduating 7th of 43 in his 1852 class; considerably better than his roommate, Philip Sheridan. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Artillery on July 1, 1852. He served in the Seminole War in Florida and at Fort Moultrie in Charleston Harbor, married Clara Rice in 1854, and was promoted to first lieutenant on March 3, 1855. He resigned his commission October 31, 1856, and settled in Syracuse, New York (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Warner_Slocum).

 

Slocum had studied law while bored at garrison duty in the army. He was admitted to the bar in 1858 and practiced in Syracuse. He served as the county treasurer and was a member of the New York State Assembly(Onondaga Co., 2nd D.) in 1859. During this peri­od he also served as an artillery instructor in the New York Militia with the rank of  Colonel (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Hen­ry_Warner_Slocum).

 

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Slocum was appointed colonel of the 27th New York Infantry, which was a two-year regiment mus­tered in at Elmira, New York. He led the regiment in Maj. Gen. David Hunter's division at the First Battle of Bull Run, where his re­giment suffered 130 casualties and he was wounded in the thigh. In August 1861, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and commanded the 2nd Brigade, Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin's 1st Division, I Corps during the Peninsula Campaign and the 1st Division, VI Corps at the Seven Days Battles, distinguishing himself at the Battle of Gaines' Mill. On July 25, 1862, Slocum was ap­pointed major general of volunteers to rank from July 4, the second youngest man in the Army to achieve that rank. Still in command of the 1st Division, he led it covering the retreat of Maj. Gen. John Pope after the Second Battle of Bull Run. At Crampton's Gap du­ring the Battle of South Mountain, he and his subordinate officers overrode their indecisive corps commander, Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin, assaulting the enemy line behind a stone wall and routing it. On October 20, 1862, he assumed command of the XII Corps after its commander, Maj. Gen. Joseph K. Mansfield, was killed at the Battle of Antietam, a battle where Slocum's division was kept in reserve. He led the corps in the Battle of Fredericksburg (where he fortunately arrived too late on the scene to see any real ac­tion in that Union catastrophe) and the Battle of Chancellorsville, where he commanded the right wing, including his corps and those of Maj. Gens. George G. Meade and Oliver O. Howard, a force of 46,000 men. Slocum executed well and maneuvered his wing into the rear of Gen. Robert E. Lee's army, only to be halted prematurely at Chancellorsville by Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Gen.Joseph Hooker. He publicly criticized Hooker after the battle and was one of the "cabal" of generals that attempted to have him removed from command (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_Warner_Slocum).

 

Slocum was known as an unassertive, exceedingly careful, by-the-book officer. By the summer of 1863, he was relatively young, at 36, to be a major general, but he possessed a manner that inspired confidence in his men. When Hooker was relieved of command of the Army of the Potomac, Slocum, being the most senior general in that army, was in line for command. However, he was not se­riously considered, and agreed to serve under Meade (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_Warner_Slocum).

 

At the Battle of Gettysburg, Slocum received some criticism for his corps' slow march to the battlefield, which led to his derisive nickname, "Slow Come". The XII Corps stopped at Two Taverns on the Baltimore Pike (lief von Südosten nach Gettysburg), about 5 miles southeast of the battlefield, by midmorning on July 1, 1863. Sometime between 1:30 and 2 p.m., he received an urgent message from Maj. Gen. Howard requesting immediate reinforcements at Gettysburg. Slocum later claimed that he had been unaware of the start of the battle, possibly because of an "acoustic shadow" caused by intervening hills. Officers on his staff, however, reported that by 1 p.m. they heard the sound of cannon, increasingly heavy musketry fire, and could see smoke rising high over the hills and the bursting of shells. In any event, the receipt of the message from Gen. Howard was clear evidence and unrelated to the acoustic situa­tion. Historian Larry Tagg (vgl. Tagg, Larry: The Generals of Gettysburg, Campbell/CA 1998) claims that Slocum "spent the entire afternoon vacillating, neither bringing forward his corps nor going ahead himself to take command by virtue of his rank." Some his­torians have explained Slocum's indecision by citing the "Pipe Creek Circular", Meade's contingency plan for a defensive line in Ma­ryland, saying that it directed Slocum to stop at Two Taverns and into thinking that Meade wished to avoid a general engagement at Gettysburg. However, Meade's supplementary order to Slocum, which placed the V Corps as well as the XII Corps under his directio­n, explicitly made any retrograde movement dependent on the decisions of Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds in Gettysburg. Reynolds had been killed earlier that day, but Slocum was unaware of that fact. The actions in Gettysburg made any immediate provisions of the circular irrelevant. It took the arrival of three additional messengers at Slocum's headquarters before he moved into action. Cap­tain Daniel Hall, carrying a message sent at 3 p.m. by Gen. Howard, considered Slocum's response to Howard's request to be "any­thing but honorable, soldierly, or patriotic." Some students of the battle believe Slocum could have mitigated the rout of the XI Corps if he had arrived earlier than 6 p.m. on July 1 and had marched both of his divisions directly up the Baltimore Pike to provide reinforce­ments. Historian Edwin Coddington, otherwise critical of Slocum's dilatory response, found that it was highly doubtful whe­ther they could have deployed beyond the town in time to mount a counterattack in support of the retreating XI Corps (vgl. http://en.wikipe­dia.org/wiki/ Henry_Warner_Slocum).

 

As the ranking general on the field, Slocum commanded the army for about six hours after the fighting that day, until Meade arrived after midnight. Meade planned an attack from the Power's Hill area into the Confederate left flank, to be led by Slocum the following day, utilizing the V Corps and the XII Corps as the army's "right wing". Slocum resisted the suggestion, claiming the terrain was too difficult for an assault, but he continued to fancy himself the right wing commander for the rest of the battle, leaving Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams temporarily in command of his XII Corps during this period. When Meade ordered Slocum to send the en­tire XII Corps to assist the defense against Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's assault on the Union left flank on July 2, Slocum wisely re­commended holding one brigade back in its position on Culp's Hill. This brigade, under Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, was able to hold out against a massive Confederate assault and saved the critical hill for the Union (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_ Warner_Slocum).

 

After Gettysburg, the XI Corps and XII Corps were sent to Tennessee in the Western Theater, under the command of Joseph Hooker. When Slocum found out he was going to be serving under Hooker, he submitted two letters of resignation to President Abraham Lin­coln stating his derogatory opinion of Hooker as both an officer and a gentleman. Lincoln refused the resignation and assured Slo­cum he would not have to serve under Hooker. A compromise was reached whereby one division of the corps, under Slocum, was assi­gned to protect the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad while the other division served directly under Hooker. During the summer of 1864, Slocum commanded the District of Vicksburg and the XVII Corps of the Department of the Tennessee. When Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson was killed in action during the Atlanta Campaign, command of Army of the Tennessee opened up, and when Hooker did not get it he resigned his commission. Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman selected Slocum to command the new XX Corps (formed from the remnants of the XI Corps and XII Corps). Slocum's former XII Corps men cheered their previous comman­der's return. When Atlanta fell to Sherman on September 2, 1864, Slocum's corps was the first to enter the city (vgl. http://en.wikipe­dia.org/wiki/ Henry_ Warner_Slocum).

 

At the start of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign, Sherman left Slocum in command of 12,000 troops in Atlanta as Sherman pursued Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood and his army. Sherman later placed Slocum in command of the newly created Army of Georgia, composed of the XX Corps and the XIV Corps from the Army of the Cumberland, which served as the left wing in Sherman's March to the Sea and Carolinas Campaign. The other wing, consisting of the XV and XVII Corps of the Army of the Tennessee, was com­manded by Oliver O. Howard. Upon reaching Savannah, Slocum recommended to Sherman that Confederate Gen. William J. Harde­e's corps, whose only escape route was north over a causeway, be cut off. But Sherman rejected Slocum's plan, and Hardee escaped, to fight again at Bentonville (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_ Warner_Slocum).

 

After the War Slocum ran as the Democratic candidate for Secretary of State of New York in 1865, but was defeated by fellow Get­tysburg General Francis C. Barlow. After resuming work as a lawyer, he declined an offer to return to the U.S. Army as a colonel. On January 6, 1869 he was elected as a companion of the New York Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the Uni­ted States. Slocum was elected as a Democrat to the 41st and 42nd Congresses (March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873). Slocum worked in Congress for the exoneration of Major General Fitz John Porter who was court-martialed after the Second Battle of Bull Run. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1872. Instead, he resumed the practice of law in Syracuse. Slocum was a trustee of the Park Sa­vings Bank of Brooklyn, New York. The bank failed in the depression of 1876. He was appointed president of the department of city -works of Brooklyn, New York in 1876 and was involved in many civic improvements, from surface transportation to the Brooklyn Bridge, where his name is prominent on a bronze tablet. He advocated unsuccessfully for having no bridge tolls. He was again elec­ted in 1882 as arepresentative-at-large to the 48th Congress (March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885). He was president of the Board of Trust­ees of the New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home in Bath, New York, and was a member of the Board of Gettysburg Monu­ments Commissioners (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Henry_ Warner_Slocum).

 

Henry Slocum died in Brooklyn, New York, and is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery, where Gen. Porter also is interred (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Henry_ Warner_Slocum).

 

Photo:

Portrait of General Henry W. Slocum by Mathew Brady, ca. 1861 (vgl. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Warner_Slocum)

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Greene, A. Wilson: „'A Step All-Important and Essential to Victory': Henry W. Slocum and the Twelfth Corps on July 1-2, 1863,“; in: Gallagher (ed.): Three Days at Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 169-203

- **Himmer, Robert. "New Light on Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum's Conduct on the First Day at Gettysburg." Gettysburg Magazi­ne 43 (July 2010): 49–60.

 

 

Slocum, John S.:

US-Col; im Mai 1861 Major in 1st Rhode Island Infantry; kurz darauf wohl ab Juni 1861 Col. 2nd Rhode Island Infantry (vgl. Rho­des, Elisha Hunt: All for the Union, a.a.O., S. 5); tödlich verwundet am 21.7.1861 in der Schlacht von Bull Run First (vgl. die Schil­derung von Rhodes, der sich bei der Verwundung Slocum's unmittelbar in dessen Nähe befand; vgl. Rhodes, Elisha Hunt:: All for the Union, a.a.O., S. 19). Die Konföderierten beabsichtigten seine Leiche zu exhumieren, gruben jedoch aufgrund einer Verwechslung diejenige von Maj Sullivan Ballou, der ebenfalls der 2nd Rhode Island Infantry angehörte aus, entfernten die Kleidung und verbrann­ten die Leiche. Daraufhin veranlaßte Gov. *Sprague, um einer evtl. Leichenschändung zuvor zu kommen, die Exhumierung Slo­cum's, und überbrachte die Überreste am 23.3.1862 persönlich dem Regiment (vgl. Rhodes, Elisha Hunt:: All for the Union, a.a.O., S. 52; vgl. zu den Hintergründen auch: Jones, Virgil Carrington: "The Dead Behead Easily," Gray Ghosts and Rebel Raiders [New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1956, S. 66-73 und Anm. S. 379-381]).

 

Photo:

- Rhodes, Elisha Hunt:: All for the Union, a.a.O., S. 19

 

 

Slough, John P.:

US-Col., 1st Colorado Infantry; Slough kommandierte die US-Truppen während des Gefechts von Glorieta am +++.1862. Slough stammte aus Ohio. Slough war im Zivilberuf ein prominenter Anwalt in Denver; nach dem Krieg kehrte Slough in die NMT zurück, wo er oberster Richter wurde (vgl. Alberts: The Battle of Glorieta, a.a.O., S. 25).

 

Photo:

Alberts: The Battle of Glorieta, a.a.O., S. 25

 

 

Small, Abner R.:

US-Major, Co. F&S, 16th Regiment Maine Infantry; er war zunächst Adjutant des Regiments (vgl. National Park Soldiers M543 Roll 19).

 

Photo:

Major Abner Small (vgl. Maine Historical Society)

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Small, Abner R.: The Road to Richmond: The Civil War Memoirs of Major Abner R. Small of the 16th Maine Volunteers; ed. Ha­rold A. Small (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1939)

- Small, Abner R.: The Sixteenth Maine Regiment in the War of the Rebellion 1861-1865 (Union Publishing; Reprint of 1886 Origi­nal); 223 pp. Printed as Volume I of a two volume history, see Cyndi Dalton's "The Blanket Brigade"; Sixteenth Maine Regiment Vo­lume II for the companion

 

 

Small, Col:

US-Col, 26th Pennsylvania Infantry Joseph Hooker's Division Army of the Potomac; Über Small wurde ein Kriegsgerichtsverfahren wegen verschiedener ihm vorgeworfener Vergehen im April 1862 durchgeführt, an dem der damalige Major Charles S. *Wainwright teilnahm (vgl. Nevins: Col Wainwright, a.a.O., S. 31).

 

 

Smalley, George W.:

US-Journalist, von der New York Tribune; +++zusammenfassend bei Andrews: The North reports, S. 64 ff ++)nachdem Halleck wäh­rend Lee's Maryland Campaign Reporter von der Front ausschloß, gelang es Smalley als Aide de Camps im Stab von US-MajGen John *Sedgwick 2nd Division II Army Corps Edwin V. *Sumner Army of the Potomac (vgl. Sears: Landscape Turned Red, a.a.O., S. 9, 361) unter zu kommen und hierdurch Halleck's Verbot zu unterlaufen (vgl. Sears, Landscape Turned Red, a.a.O., S. 99; Andrews: The North Reports, a.a.O., S. 271).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smalley, George W.: Anglo-American Memoirs (New York and London, 1911)

- Smalley, George B.: "Chapters in Journalism," Harper's New Monthly Magazine, LXXXIX (August, 1894), S. 427; 426-435 (Battle of Antietam)

 

 

Smiley, Charles W.:

US-Col aus Massachusetts (err)

 

 

Smith, Abel, jr.:

US-LtCol; Co. F&S, 165th Regiment New York Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M 551 Roll 130); 1863 Lieutenant Colonel of the 165th New York Infantry; in der Nachkriegszeit US-BrigGen.

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, Abel: Lettersearch in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries Ms 89-070)

.

 

Smith, Abram P.:

US-2ndLt; Co. F&S, 76th Regiment New York Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 130; originally filed under Andrew R. Smith)

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, Abram P.: History of the Seventy-Sixth Regiment New York Volunteers (Cortland, N.Y., 1867).

 

 

Smith, Andrew Jackson:

US-Gen; zu seiner Charakterisierung (vgl. Dana: Recollections, a.a.O., S. 64). Divisionskommandeur 10th Division, XIII. Army Corps McClernand während Grant's Campaign gegen Vicksburg 1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, vol. II, S. 402). Battle of Port Gibson am 1.5.1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, a.a.O., vol. II, S. 402). 1864 gehörte Smith's Division zum XVII AK Army of the Tennessee. Während der Red River Campaign 1864 detachierte Mitte März 1864 Sherman, als Kommandeur der Army of the Tennessee und de­signierter Oberbefehlshaber der Truppen der Military Division of the Mississippi, Smith mit 10000 Mann zum Red River, mit einem bis zum Beginn der Atlanta Campaign Anfang Mai 1864 zeitlich begrenzten Auftrag, unter Banks an der Red River Campaign teilzu­nehmen (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 66). Die Division Smith war bei Beginn der Atlanta-Campaign noch nicht zur Army of the Tennessee zurückgekehrt, was Sherman als neuen Befehlshaber des Department of the Mississippi zwang, seinen An­griffsplan zu revidieren (vgl. Castel, a.a.O., S. 90, 99, 121)

 

 

Smith, Baxter:

CS-Col; Regimentskommandeur+++++

 

General Forrest's Order to Col Baxter Smith:

Capt. Frank Battle, Nashville, Tenn: "I write of an incident that occurred during the battle that Forrest had with the Federals at Mur­freesboro in 1862. I was at home on sick leave just after the battle of Fishing Creek. My health improving, I joined the Texas Rangers and Morgan's men, who were scouting the country near Nashville and trying to ascertain when Gen. Buell would advance his forces. About fifteen of us young men banded together and made our ways out from Nolensville, Triune, and Sparta, and met Gen. Forrest in McMinnville as he was coming down on Murfreesboro with about twelve hundred men. I persuaded the boys to join the battalion of Col. Baxter Smith, then a Major. We soon realized that we had a leader who knew his business. About five miles from Murfreesboro we were halted and ordered to "dismount, fix saddles, and tighten girts." This we did, remounted, and galloped into Murfreesboro just about daylight. The Texas Rangers engaged the Ninth Michigan. Quite a number of Federals collected at the courthouse, and Col. Morrison, of the Second Georgia, undertook to dislodge them. Gen. Forrest in the meantime hastily collected six companies, Col. Baxter Smith's four companies being of the command. Gen. Forrest, placing himself at the head of these six companies, moved out about two miles from town to attack the Third Minnesota, about twelve hundred strong. Think of it- three hundred and fifty cavalry charge twelve hundred infantry! The charge was disastrous to us. Our men fell back, and Gen. Forrest raged. The writer's horse was shot in the head, and the blood spurted so freely that he got off, expecting his horse to drop; but realizing his danger, he remounted and rode out safely. Gen. Forrest re-formed his men, rode out in front, and, in a clear, distinct voice, said: "Col. Smith, lead the char­ge." I shall never forget the impression made on my mind at that moment.

 

Col. Smith had taken Trim. Brown and myself on his staff for the fight, and we had to follow him. Col. Smith tied his bridle reins, and, with sword in one hand and pistol in the other, started out in a gallop, and led his command right on into the midst of the enemy; and it was a hand-to-hand fight for about one hour, until the enemy retreated, leaving all their tents and bagage.

 

Gen. Forrest captured the entire Federal force, consisting of about twenty-five hundred or three thousand men, a large quantity of army stores, mules, and wagons. We carried them to McMinnville; paroled the men and sent the officers back South. Gen. Forrest gave the men their band, and they serenaded us with the good old songs of "Dixie," "Bonnie Blue Flag," "The Girl I Left Behind Me," and other Southern airs.

 

How our hearts filled with joy and pride when we thought of the victory we had won! Armed with shotguns and any other that we could get, and without artillery, while the enemy had the latest improved Enfield and Springfield rifles and a splendid battery of artil­lery. The battery that was captured that day was taken and used by Gen. Forrest

during the remainder of the war, and was known far and near as the famous Morton Battery, being a regular terror to the enemy. It was commanded by Capt. John W. Morton, of Nashville, Forrest's Chief of Artillery.

 

God bless the old gray-haired confederates who have had such hard times in this world of disappointments; and when the great Mas­ter sounds the last trumpet, may they all be found with "palms of victory" in their hands, "praising God, from whom all blessings flow."

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Baxter: "History of the Regiment" (Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle / Pennsylvania)

 

 

Smith, Benjamin T.:

US-Pvt. 51st Illinois Infantry (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 125). Anm.: bei National Park Soldiers bezeichnet als: Benjamin F. Smith, Co. C, 51st Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 83).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Benjamin T.: Recollections of the Late War (Illinois Historical Society, Springfield)

 

 

Smith, C. A.:

US-+++; 11th Iowa Infantry;

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, C. A. (11th Iowa Vols): Recollection of Prison life at Andersonville / Georgia and Florence / South Carolina (Martini Print Media); Originally printed in the late 1870's, this title is all but impossible to find and not even listed in most guide books - Reprinted and edited by a descendant of Smith

 

 

Smith, Caleb B.:

US-++++Minister in der 1 Regierung Lincoln

 

Photo:

- West: Gideon Welles, a.a.O., S. 97

 

 

Smith, Charles:

US-Sergeant; Co. A, 8th Regiment Iowa Cavalry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, Charles C.:

US-Col; 10th Regiment Ohio Cavalry (vgl. Belcher: The Cavalry of the Army of the Cumberland, a.a.O., S. 302).

 

 

Smith, Charles E.:

US-Corporal; Co. I, 32nd Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 100; vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., vol. II xvii). Das Regiment gehörte im März / April 1863 zum XVII Army Corps und war eingesetzt bei Lake Providence / Louisiana (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., vol. II xvii)

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Charles E.: Diary (Privatbesitz von R. S. Miller aus Delaware; zitiert bei Bearss: Vicksburg Campaign)

 

 

Smith, Charles E.:

US-Sergeant; Co. K, 6th Regiment Iowa Cavalry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, Charles Ferguson:

US-BrigGen; Smith war regulärer Army Officer und während Grant's Ausbildungszeit in West Point war Smith dort Commandant of Cadets und war Grant's und Sherman's Vorgesetzter gewesen; bei Kriegsbeginn war Smith LtCol 10th US Infantry; er war von Politikern in Washington anfangs einer pro-südlichen Haltung verdächtigt und deshalb nicht befördert worden, was erst von Frémont im September 1861 durchbrochen wurde; Grant wie auch Sherman fühlten sich nicht wohl als spätere Vorgesetzte von Smith (vgl. Catton, Grant moves South, a.a.O., S. 50); nach der Besetzung *Paducahs am 6.9.1861 durch Grant intervenierte MajGen Frémont und entzog Grant den Bereich Paducah, den er unter den Befehls von Smith stellte; möglicherweise hatte Grant zu eigenständig ge­handelt, was Frémont nicht paßte (vgl. Catton, Grant moves South, a.a.O., S. 50; vgl. Grant, Memoirs, a.a.O., Kap. 19 zur Besetzung von Paducah / KY durch Grant am 6.9.1861). US-Finanzminister Cha­se (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., v. 10.12.1861 S. 50) berichtet von Be­schwerden gegen General Smith, welche aus Paducah erhoben wurden und erfährt auf der Kabinettssitzung v. 10.12.1861, daß Smith als Commander des District of Western Kentucky bereits durch Gen. McClellan ersetzt worden war. Grund der Beschwerden waren Verdächtigungen in einem Brief eines Einwohners von Paducah, in welchem Smith der Inaktivität und der Billigung der Ermordung eines Mannes durch die Rebs etc. beschuldigt wurde (vgl. Catton: Grant moves South, a.a.O., S. 87 mit Anm. u. weiteren Nachweisen S. 498 Anm. 2).

 

Nach der Ablösung Grant's durch Halleck am 4.3.1862 wurde Smith vorübergehend zum Kommandeur der Truppen Grant's ernannt bis zur Wiedereinsetzung Grant's (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 54). Smith stürzte am 12.3.1862 bei Savannah / Tennessee (ggü. von Shiloh; Karte bei Da­niel, a.a.O., S. 25), als er sein Transportschiff, nach einer Befehlsausgabe an Gen. Lew *Wallace, betreten woll­te; hierbei zog er sich eine tiefe Fleischwunde am Bein zu, die sich anschließend entzündete; Smith starb wenige Wochen später an der Wundbrandinfektion (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 78).

 

 

Smith, Charles M.:

US-Corporal; Co. E, 1st Regiment Massachusetts Cavalry (vgl. Crowninshield: History of the First Regiment of Massachusetts Ca­valry Volunteers, a.a.O., S. 375; vgl. auch Priest: Battle of South Mountain, a.a.O., S. 106). Enlisted Conway/Mass. 18.9.1861; Prison­er 29.11.1863 bei Parker's Store; at Belle Island Prison für 3 ½ month, in Andersonville 7 ½ month; escaped from Anderson­ville Hospital 9.10.1864; expired 7.11.1864; Smith stammte aus Worcester/Mass. (vgl. Crowninshield: History of the First Regiment of Massachusetts Cavalry Volunteers, a.a.O., S. 375).

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Charles M.: Letters, Smith Family Papers, Civil War Miscellaneous Collection, USAMHI (US Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle / Pennsylvania)

 

 

Smith, Chauncey:

US-Pvt; Co. G, 34th Regiment Iowa Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, D. C.:

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, D. C.: Papers (Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield / Illinois)

 

 

Smith, Dabney Howard:

CS-Col; 1821-1889; Rechtsanwalt in Georgetown, Ost-Kentucky; nach Edmund Kirby *Smith's erfolgreichen Vorstoß gegen die US-Kräfte unter Don Carlos *Buell ab 1.9.1862 stellte Dabney Howard Smith ein Kavallerieregiment auf, die 5th Kentucky Cavalry, zu deren Col er gewählt wurde. Das Regiment gehörte im Herbst 1862 zu Abraham *Buford's neuaufgestellter Kavallerie Brigade, die im September 1862 in Lexington, Ky stand (vgl. Confederate Military History, Vol. 11, S. 228-29). 1863 Cavalry Division John Hunt Morgan, Bragg's Army of Tennessee (vgl. Horwitz: Longest Raid, a.a.O., S. 8). Teilnahme an Morgan's Raid nach Kentucky, Indiana und Ohio im Juni 1863 (vgl. Horwitz: The Longest Raid, a.a.O., S. 8).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Johnston, J. Stoddard; in Confederate Military History, Vol. 11, S. 531-34

- Smith, Dabney H.: The Killing of John Hunt Morgan (Southern Bivac 1 [1882/83], S. 447-51)

- Smith, Sidney Kerr: Life, Army Record, and Public Services of D. Howard Smith (Louisville: Bradney & Gilbert, 1890)

 

 

Smith, Edmund Kirby:

CS-Gen (Full General, Vier-Sterne-General); 1824 in Florida - 28.3.1893; West Point 1845; Major der US-Army; nach Rücktritt im April 1861, schloß sich Smith der CSA an. BrigGen im Juni 1861; Brigadekommandeur Kirby Smith Brigade bestehend aus 3rd Ten­nessee, 13th Virginia, 10th Virginia und 1st Maryland (vgl. Swank: Courier, a.a.O., S. 10); verwundet bei First Manassas (vgl. Swank: Courier, a.a.O., S. 13). MajGen im Oktober 1861, LtGen 1862, 1864 Full General

 

Ab Sommer 1862 war Kirby Smith Commander des neugeschaffenen Departments of East Tennessee (vgl. Connelly: Army of the Heartland, a.a.O., S. 187).

 

Am 18.6.1862 griff die Division Morgan über die Cumberland Mountains/Tennessee nach Süden gegen die CS-Verteidigungslinie vor der wichtigen East Tennessee RR an, die von MajGen Kirby Smith verteidigt wurde. Da Smith seine schwachen Kräfte in gut ausgebauten Stellungen einsetzte, auf die ein di­rekter Angriff blutig abgewiesen worden wäre, entschied sich Morgan für ein Umge­hungsmanöver und überquerte die Cumberland Mountains at Roger's and Big Creek Gaps, 18 bzw. 35 mi östlich des rechten Flügels von Kirby Smith's Divisions. Dies zwang Smith, to avoid being outflanked by a move into Powell's Valley at his rear, to fall back with Stevenson's division on 18.6.1862 to Morristown, and prepare to make a stand to hold the railroad (vgl. Connelly: Army of the Heartland, a.a.O., S. 189 mit Übersichtskarte S. 2).

 

vgl. Nachruf: Confederate Veteran Vol. I April 1893, Titelseite

 

Photo:

- Confederate Veteran Vol. I April 1893, Titelseite

- Davis: Battle of Bull Run, a.a.O., nach S. 106

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Parks, Joseph H.: General Edmund Kirby Smith, C.S.A. ( LSU Press, Baton Rouge, 1957)

- **Smith, Edmund Kirby: Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina

 

 

Smith, Francis:

CS-Pvt; 4th Battery, Maryland Artillery (vgl. National Park Soldiers M379 Roll 2).

 

Es dürfte sich bei ihm um den Medizinstudenten Francis Smith handeln, dem Sohn von Dr. Otho J. Smith, Eigentümer der Smith Farm bei Keedysville/Maryland (6 mi westlich von Sharpsburg). Dr. Otho Smith was a „prominent local physician as well as a Sou­thern sympathizer, was quite wealthy and owned a considerable property in the area, much of it in the nearby village of Boons­boro. According to the 1860 census, his total holdings were valued at $ 42,000. Apparently a widower, he had a home in Boonsboro that he shared with his twenty-two-year-old daughter, Jeanette; a twenty-year-old son, Francis (listed in the 1860 census as an eighteen-year-old medical student but probably in the Confederate army by 1862)“ (vgl. Frassanito: Antietam, a.a.O., S. 221).

 

 

Smith, Georg, Jr.:

US-Pvt; Co. H, 87th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84). Smith kam beim Untergang der USS Sul­tana am 27.4.1865 ums Leben (vgl. Salecker: Disaster on the Mississippi, a.a.O., Passagierliste, S. 224).

 

 

Smith, George H.:

CS-Col; Nachfolger von Jubal *Early als Regimentskommandeur 20th Georgia Infantry (vgl. Early: War Memoirs, a.a.O., S. 49).

 

 

Smith, George O.:

US-Corporal; Co. F, 17th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, George O.: “Brief History of the 17th Regiment of the Illinois Volunteer Infantry, U.S.A” (Mimeographed transcript, Illi­nois State Historical Library, Springfield / Illinois)

 

 

Smith, Giles A.:

US-Col; im Dezember 1862 während Grant's / Sherman's Vicksburg Campaign war Smith Brigadekommandeur in Gen A. J. Smith's Division. Giles A. Smith erhielt am 27.12.1862 den Auftrag, die *Vicksburg, Shreveport & Texas Railroad bei Hecla Plantation / Louisiana zu unterbrechen (vgl. Bearss, Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., I 157).

 

 

Smith, Gustavus Woodson:

CS-MajGen, West-Point-Absolvent des Jahrgangs 1842; später retired++++; New York Street Commissioner 1858-61 (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., S. 284 Anm. 65); eingesetzt auf der Virginia Peninsula vor Yorktown im Februar 1862 mit vier Regimentern Infantry und Artillerie gegen McDowell (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., S. 72); Smith greift die Unionstruppen unter BrigGen. William B. Franklin am 7.5.1862 im Gefecht bei Eltham’s Landing am Pamunkey River an. Nach der Verwundung des kommandierenden General der Konföderierten vor Richmond, Joe Johnston, in der Schlacht von Seven Pines am 31.5.1862 übernimmt Smith das Kommando der Richmond-Armee.

 

1864 Kommandeur der Georgia Miliz, Battle of Griswoldville (vgl. Livingstone, Battle of Griswoldville, S. 5)

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Gustavus W.: Confederate War Papers (New York 1884)

 

 

Smith, Henry C.:

US-Captain; Co. C, 20th Regiment Connecticut Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M535 Roll 15).

 

from Hartford / Conn.; † 28.1.1863 by a falling tree near Stafford Court House/VA (vgl. Storrs: Twentieth Connecticut, a.a.O., p. 42).

 

 

Smith, Henry I.:

US-1stLt; Co. Co. B, 7th Regiment Iowa Infantry; Smith signed in as corporal (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

Documents/Literature:

- **Smith, Henry I.: History of the Seventh Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry During the Civil War (Mason City, 1903)

 

 

Smith, Horace:

US-Sergeant, aus Wisconsin ++klären+++ (vgl. Glatthaar: The Common Soldiers Gettysburg Campaign, in: Boritt: The Gettysburg Nobody Knows, a.a.O., S. 223n5)

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, Horace: Diary; in: Smith, Horace Papers. State Historical Society of Wisconsin

 

 

Smith, Isaac:

US-Pvt; Co. A, 41st Battalion Iowa Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. B, 44th Regiment Iowa Infantry (100 days, 1844) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Musician; Co. I, 61st Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll. 101); originally filed under Jacob Schmidt

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Corporal; Co. K, 81st Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Corporal; Co. F, 86th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. K, 101st Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. C, 107th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. G, 107th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101); originally filed under Jacob Schmitz

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. D, 107th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, Jacob (Co. D, 107th Regiment Ohio Infantry): Camps and Campaigns of the 107th regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry from August, 1862 to July 1865. N. p, 1910

 

 

Smith (Schmith), Jacob:

US-Sergeant; Co. H, 108th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101); auch als Jacob Schmith bezeichnet

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. I, 126th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob:

US-Pvt; Co. (?), 188th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob B.:

US-Pvt; Co. K, 160th Regiment Ohio Infantry (National Guard) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob H.:

CS-Pvt, Co. A, 48th Battalion Ohio Infantry; Smith trat als Sergeant in das Battalion ein (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob I.:

US-Pvt; Co. A, 111th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101); s. auch 101st Michigan E.M.

 

 

Smith, Jakob S.:

US-Pvt; Co. E, 72nd Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jakob S.:

US-Pvt; Co. I, 174th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, Jacob V.:

US-Pvt; Co. I, 53rd Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 101).

 

 

Smith, James E.:

US-Captain, 4th Battery New York Light Artillery (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 131).

 

Beim Battle of Gettysburg gehörte Smith's Battery Artillery Brigade US III Army Corps Sickles. Auf dem Marsch zum späteren Schlachtfeld marschierte Smith's Battery am 28.6.1863 durch Frederick / Maryland (vgl. Pfanz: Gettysburg. The Second Day, a.a.O., S. 15). Die Battery bezog am 2.7.1863 Stellung am Südende von Houck's Ridge nahe beim Wheatfield und oberhalb von Plum Run und Devil's Den (vgl. Penny / Laine: Struggle for the Round Tops, a.a.O., S. 35 mit Karte S. 33; vgl. Gallagher: Gettysburg, 2nd Day, a.a.O., S. 127; vgl. Symonds: Gettysburg, Battlefield Atlas, a.a.O., S. 48/49, N. 5; vgl. Gottfried: Brigades of Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 197-198). Vor dem CS-Angriff durch die 3rd Division Hood mit den Brigaden Robertson und Law auf das Plum Run Valley am Nachmittag des 2.7.1863 kam es zu einem Artillerie-Duell zwischen Smith's Battery und der CS I. Corps Artil­lery und zur Be­schießung der beiden CS-Brigaden (vgl. Penny / Laine: Struggle for the Round Tops, a.a.O., S. 39).

 

General Gouvernor Kemble Warren, Artillery Commander d. Army of the Potomac erreichte im Battle of Gettysburg am 2.7.1863 Little Round Top, auf dem zu diesem Zeitpunkt keine US-Kampftruppen standen, sondern nur eine Beobachtungstruppe des Signal Corps. Der Senior Officer Captain James S. *Hall berichtete, daß er kurz vor Warren's Eintreffen, vermutliche feindliche Truppenbe­wegungen an der linken Flanke von Sickles' V. Corps beobachtet und diese Beobachtung gerade Gen Meade melden ließ. Um sicher­zugehen, befahl Warren Captain Smith einen Deutungsschuß in die Richtung der vermuteten feindlichen Bewegung in den Wäldern links von Sickles's V Corps abzugeben. Dies geschah and caused everyone to look in the direction of the shell. The motion revealed the glistening of gun barrels and bayonets of the enemy's line of battle (vgl. Sauers: Gettysburg. The Mea­de-Sickles Controversy, a.a.O., S. 44).

 

Photo:

- Penny / Laine, a.a.O., S. 45

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, James E. (4th NY Light Artillery): A Famous Battery and its Campaigns (Benedum Books); Reprint of 1892 Original; 190 pp

 

 

Smith, James M.:

CS-Col; 13th Regiment Georgia Infantry; he enlisted as Major of the Regiment (vgl. National Park Soldiers M 226 Roll 56).

 

Col Smith commanded the Regiment 1863 in the Gettysburg Campaign; he was a 39-year-old lawyer and blacksmith's son. The De­mocrat had unsuccessful run for Congress in 1855 and he still harbored political ambitions (vgl. Mingus: Flames Beyond Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 10).

 

 

Smith, James P.:

CS-Pvt; A. Graham's Company, Virginia Light Artillery (Rockbridge Artillery) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 51).

 

 

Smith, James Power:

CS-Lt; aus dem Stab von Stone­wall Jackson; er war bei Jackson nach dessen Verwundung (vgl. Sears: Chancellorsville, a.a.O., S. 46, 153, 233-234, 297, 306, 371). Im Battle of Gettysburg war Lt. Smith im Stab von Gen Ewell (2nd Corps) (vgl. Sears: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 139, 227-228).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, James Power: With Stonewall Jackson in the Army of Northern Virginia Southern Historical Society Papers, 43 (1920)(Reprint, Gaithersburg, MD: Zullo and Van Sickle Books, 1982)

- **Smith, James Power: „Stonewall Jackson in Winter Quarters at Moss Neck“, Hotchkiss Papers, Library of Congress

- **Smith, James Power: „General Lee at Gettysburg,“ PMHSM, 5:384

 

 

Smith, John Corson:

US-BrigGen; zunächst Major Co. F&S; 96th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84); Smith stammte aus Galena/Ill.; er hatte bei der Gründung des Regiments im August 1862 die Co. I aufgestellt und wurde bei den Offizierswahlen zum Major des Re­giments gewählt (vgl. Partridge, Charles A.: History of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ill. Vol. Inf, a.a.O., S. 31). Im Oktober 1862 ge­hörte Smith vorübergehend zur 2nd Kentucky Infantry und war in Gen Granger's Headquarters eingesetzt (vgl. Part­ridge: History of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ill. Vol. Inf, a.a.O., S. 42).

 

6.9.1862 Major, 1.11.1863 LtCol; 20.6.1865 BrigGen (USV) (vgl. Boatner: Civil War Dictionary, a.a.o., S. 772). Served in the Civil War first as Major and Provost Marshal on the staff of Brigadier General Absalom Baird, then as Provost Marshal on the staff of Bri­gadier General James B. Steedman, then finally as Lieutenant Colonel of the 96th Illinois Volunteer Infantry (vgl. www.findagrave.­com, Abruf 14.5.2016).

 

13.2.1832 Philadelphia / PA - † 31.12.1910 Chicago; beerd. Greenwood Cemetery, Galena/Illinois; °° mit Charlotte Augusta Smith. After the end of the conflict he served as Illinois State Treasurer from 1870 to 1881 and from 1883 to 1885, and as Illinois' Lieuten­ant Governor from 1885 to 1889 (vgl. www.findagrave.com, Abruf 14.5.2016).

 

Photo:

- Partridge: History of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ill. Vol. Inf, a.a.O., nach S. 48: John C. Smith, LtCol und Bvt. BrigGen

- Partridge: History of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ill. Vol. Inf, a.a.O., nach S. 56: Mrs. John C. Smith ( Charlotte Augusta Smith)

 

 

Smith, John Eugene:

US-MajGen USV und RA; aus Galena, Illinois; Goldschmied und Juwelier. 1860 wurde Smith zum County Treasurer in Galena, Illi­nois gewählt (vgl. Allardice, a.a.O., S. 459). Regimentskommandeur 45th Illinois Infantry (vgl. Catton: Grant Moves South, a.a.O., S. 325). Col John E. Smith von der 45th Indiana Infantry vertrat in einem Brief an den Abgeordneten von Indiana im US Congress *Washburne über MajGen McClernand die Ansicht, McClernand sei ieL Politiker und erst in zweiter Hinsicht General; er habe die Dienststellungen an seine besonderen politischen Freunde (d.h. an Democrats, nicht jedoch an die Washburne nahestehenden Repu­blicans) vergeben (Brief Smith's an Washburne vom 17.8.1862 [Washburne Papers], zitiert nach Catton: Grant Moves South, a.a.O., S. 325 und 522 Anm. 3).

 

Im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh gehörte die 45th Illinois Infantry zur 2nd Brigade Col C. Carroll Marsh 1st Division: Maj­Gen John A McClernand in Grant’s Army of the Tennessee (vgl. Grant: The Opposing Forces at Shiloh, B & L, a.a.O., I, S. 537).

 

 

Smith, John T.:

US-Col; Co. F&S, 31st Regiment Indiana Infantry; Smith signed in with the rank of 1stLt, Co. F (vgl. National Park Soldiers M540 Roll 71).

 

Documents/Literature:

- **Smith, John T.: History of the Thirty-First Regiment of Indiana Infantry (Cincinnati, 1900)

 

 

Smith, Joseph:

US-Commodore; Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks im Marineministerium (Welles, Gideon: The First Iron-Clad Monitor; in: Annals of the War, a.a.O., S. 18)

 

 

Smith, Martin L.:

CS-MajGen; Befehlshaber von Vicksburg im Dezember 1862 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, a.a.O., Vol. I, S. 56, 143). Smith wurde am Weihnachtsabend 1862 in Vicksburg bei einem Weihnachtsball von der Telegraphenstation in *De Soto von der Annäherung von Sherman's Army Corps zum Yazoo unterrichtet. Am 24.12.1862 stellte Daniel in *Point Lookout die Annäherung der Flotte mit 81 Schiffen und Gunboats fest, die Sherman’s Army Corps von ca. 40000 Soldaten zum *Yazoo Delta transportierte. Daniel meldete die­se Flotte per Telegraph nach *De. Soto, von wo aus die Information nach Vicksburg an General Smith übermittelt wurde (vgl. Bearss, Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., S. 151-52). MajGen Smith beauftragte noch in der Nacht BrigGen Stephen D. *Lee mit der Verteidi­gung der Walnut Hills bei *Snyders Bluff (Karte bei: Bearss: Hardluck Ironclad, a.a.O., S. 113) am Yazoo River.

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Bearss: Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., I 151-52

- Lee, Stephen D.: “Details Important Work by Two Confederate Telegraph Operators, Christmas Eve, which Prevented the Complete Surprise of the Confederate Army at Vicksburg,” Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society, Vol. VIII, 53-4

 

 

Smith, Marshall J.:

CS-Col; Col der New Orleans Militia-Einheit Crescent Regiment (“Kid Glove Regiment”). Louisiana-Governor Thomas O. *Moore stellte auf Anforderung von Beauregard vom 21.2.1862 ca 1500 Mann Militia auf, die für 90 Tage mit Zustimmung des CS-War De­partments eingezogen wurden; die Truppen umfaßten die Washington Artillery (5th Co.), Orleans Guard Artillery, Orleans Guard Battalion, Crescent Regiment und Confederate Guards Response Battalion (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 61).

 

Die Einheit gehörte im Battle of Shiloh zum II. Army Corps MajGen Braxton Bragg 1st Division BrigGen Daniel Ruggles 3rd Briga­de Col Preston Pond (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 321, 124).

 

 

Smith, Maurice T.:

CS-LtCol; 55th North Carolina Infantry; nachdem der Regimentskommandeur Col *Connally am 1.7.1863 im Battle von Gettysburg beim Angriff seines Regiments auf die Flanke der 76th New York Infantry durch Schlußverletzungen schwer verwundet wurde, über­nahm der Stellvertreter LtCol Maurice T. *Smith die Regimentsführung. Smith ist kurz darauf gefallen (vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 109).

 

 

Smith, Mordecai:

US-Pvt, Co. F, 34th Regiment Iowa Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, Morgan Lewis:

US-BrigGen; Smith stammte aus St. Louis und war vor dem Krieg Riverboat-Kapitän. Smith selbst gab an, daß er während des Me­xiko-Krieges in der regulären US-Armee gedient habe, worüber aber keine Unterlagen in den Militärarchiven vorhanden sind (vgl. Potter, Sultana, a.a.O., S. 25). 1865 war BrigGen Smith Kommandeur der US-Armee in Vicksburg und der umliegenden Region. Bei Kriegsausbruch war Smith Colonel der 8th Missouri Infantry. On July 16, 1862, he became brigadier general of volunteers and assu­med command of the 1st Brigade, 5th Division, of the Army of the Tennessee (Potter, Sultana, a.a.O., S. 27). BrigGen 16.7.1862; Di­visionskommandeur 1st Division District of Memphis (= Sherman's Right Wing) in Grant's Army of the Tennessee (= XIII Army Corps) vom 25.10.1862-25.11.1862; 2nd Division District of Memphis (= Sherman's Right Wing) in Grant's Army of the Tennessee (= XIII Army Corps) vom 12.11.1862 - 18.12.1862; 2nd Division Yazoo Expedition vom 18.12.1862 - 28.12.1862 (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 773). On December 28, 1862, he received a severe wound to the left hip near Vicksburg and did not return to active duty until October 6, 1863, when he commanded the 2nd Division of the 15th Army Corps. His unit saw action in Alabama and Georgia during 1863 and 1864. General Smith assumed command of the Post and the District of Vicksburg on November 12, 1864, and held this position until the end of the war. (Potter, Sultana, a.a.O., S. 27; Military Records of Gen. Smith, Record Group 94, National Ar­chives Washington DC).

 

1865 war Smith Kommandeur der US-Truppen in Vicksburg; als alter Bekannter aus gemeinsamen Zeiten in St. Louis versprach Smith der Kapitän der Sultana, Mason, diesem eine Ladung mit ausgetauschten US-Gefangenen aus Camp Fisk zu verschaffen (Sale­cker: Sultana, a.a.O., S. 31).

 

Photo:

- Potter, Sultana, a.a.O., S. 26

- Salecker, Sultana, a.a.O., S. 31

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- Military Records of Gen. Morgan L. Smith, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Record Group 94, National Archioves, Wa­shington/DC

 

 

Smith, Orland:

US-BrigGen; Col. 73rd Regiment Ohio Infantry

 

Orland Smith was a railroad executive and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. In 1864, he led a spirited bayonet charge during the Battle of Wauhatchie that took a significant Confederate position on a hill that now bears his name. Smith was born in New England in Lewiston, Maine. He was educated in the local schools and became a railroad agent, serving as station manager at Lewiston until 1852 when he moved to Ohio. He became an official of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad and settled in Chillicothe, Ohio. When the railroad fell into financial difficulties, he was appointed receiver. Smith was a lieutenant and commander of a militiacompany in the late 1850s, the "Chillicothe Greys." (vgl. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Orland_Smith).

 

With the outbreak of the Civil War, Smith joined the Union army and became the colonel of the 73rd Ohio Infantry, a regiment that was raised in Chillicothe in November 1861 and trained at nearby Camp Logan. Among his volunteer soldiers was Pvt. George Ni­xon III, the great-grandfather of future President Richard Nixon. Smith and his regiment saw action in western Virginia, fighting at the Battle of McDowell and the Battle of Cross Keys. During the late summer, as a part of the Army of Virginia, the 73rd OVI fought at the Second Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia (vgl. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Orland_Smith).

Smith assumed brigade command in the XI Corps on October 25, 1862. Er wurde von Corps-Kommandeur O. O. Howard ersetzt durch dessen Wunsch-BrigGen Francis C. Barlow. „Col Orland Smith was not a whit inferior in the many qualifications that make the successful soldier, ad his career proved it“ (vgl. Hamlin: Chancellorsville, a.a.O., S. 35) und diente wieder als Regiments­kommandeur des 73rd Regiment Ohio Infantry und nahm am Battle von Chancellorsville teil (vgl. Hamlin: Chancellorsville, a.a.O., S. 40).

Smith returned to his brigade command shortly before the Gettysburg Campaign (2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 11th Corps bestehend aus 33rd Massachusetts, 73rd Ohio, 136 th New York und 55th Ohio [vgl. Osborn: Trials and Triumphs. The Record of the Fifty-Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., S. 85]), after BrigGen Francis C. Barlow, who had led the brigade at Chancellorsville, was given command of the 1st Division on May 24, 1863. Smith's men held Cemetery Hill on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg at the or­ders of MajGen Oliver O. Howard, and provided an anchor for the retreating Federal soldiers. On the second day, three of Smith's re­giments were engaged in heavy skirmishing in front of Cemetery Hill, and the 33rd Massachusetts, deployed between East Cemetery Hill and a knoll on the McKnight farm, helped repulse an evening attack by Col. Isaac E. Avery's North Carolina brigade (vgl. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Orland_Smith).

Smith's Brigade was sent to the Western Theater in the autumn of 1863 along with the rest of the XI Corps. During the Chattanooga Campaign, Smith led his brigade in the Army of the Cumberland in a successful bayonet assault up a steep hill that now bears his name (Smith's Hill) during the Battle of Wauhatchie. In the army reorganization later that year, his brigade was disbanded and Smith returned on January 3, 1864 to the command of the 73rd OVI. He resigned his colonelcy on February 17, 1864. In the omnibus pro­motions at the close of the Civil War, Smith was appointed a brevet brigadier generaldating from March 13, 1865 (vgl. https://en.wi­kipedia.org/ wiki/Orland_Smith).

2.5.1825 Lewiston / Maine - † 3.10.1903 Chicago / Illinois; beerd. Green Lawn Cemetery, Columbus / Ohio (vgl. www.Findagrave. com).

 

Photo:

Col Orland Smith (vgl. www.Findagrave.com).

 

 

Smith, Preston:

CS-Col; Regimentskommandeur 154th Tennessee Infantry (Senior). Das Regiment gehörte unter Regimentskommandeur Col Preston Smith während der Shiloh Campaign zum I. Army Corps MajGen Leonidas Polk 2nd Division MajGen Benjamin F. Cheatham 1st Brigade BrigGen Bushrod R. Johnson (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 321; Grant: The Opposing Forces at Shiloh; in: B&L I 539).

 

Das Regiment war im März 1863 eingesetzt im Raum Bethel Station eingesetzt und traf im Rahmen von Bushrod Johnson’s Brigade am 17.3.1862 in Purdy ein (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 92).

 

Johnson's Brigade traf am 6.4.1862 im Battle of Shiloh gegen 8:30 bei Rea Field ein; zunächst eingesetzt gegen Barretts Battery (Battery B 1st Illinois Light Artillery), dann wurden auf Befehl des AK Braxton Bragg's zwei Regimenter der Brigade, Blythe's Missi­ssippi Regiment und die Blythe's Mississippi Regiment gegen Waterhouse's Battery (Battery E 1st Illinois Light Artillery) nörd­lich von Rea Field eingesetzt (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 169). Johnson wurde verwundet (vgl. Grant: The Opposing Forces at Shiloh, B & L, a.a.O., I, S. 539), die Brigadeführung der 1st Brigade 2nd Division MajGen Benjamin F. Cheatham wurde daraufhin von Col Preston Smith übernommen (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 183).

 

Smith's Brigade (Bushrod R. Johnson's Brigade) umfaßte folgende Regimenter:

- Blythe's Mississippi Regiment

- 2nd Tennessee Infantry

- 15th Tennessee Infantry LtCol Robert C. *Tyler

- 154th Tennessee Infantry Col Preston *Smith

- Polk's Tennessee Battery Captain Marshall T. *Polk

 

 

Smith, Riley:

US-Pvt; 3rd Michigan Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Riley: Letter, 1864. 0.1 cu. ft. Union soldier of the 3rd Michigan Volunteer Regiment. Letter written March 7, 1864, to his cousin. Writes that he likes being a soldier when he is not in danger and how Confederate deserters now come to their lines every day. (Virginia Tech, Univ. Libraries, Special Collections: Civil War guide. Manuscript Sources for Civil War Research in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries Ms91-017).

 

 

Smith, Otis D:

CS-Pvt; Co. F, 6th Regiment Alabama Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M374 Roll 41). Teilnahme am Battle of South Mountain am 14.9.1862 (vgl. Priest: Battle of South Mountain, a.a.O., S. 9, 11, 21, 24, 232-233, 239, 248).

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Otis: „Reminiscenses“. Thatch Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill/NC

 

 

Smith, Robert D.:

CS-Pvt; Co. D, 2nd Regiment, Tennessee Infantry (Robison's) (Walker Legion) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M231 Roll 40; vgl. Da­niel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 162).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Garrett, Jill K. (ed.): Confederate Diary of Robert d. Smith (Columbia / Tenn., 1975)

 

 

Smith, Robert F.:

US-Col; 16th Illinois Infantry. Am 9-11.7.1862 kam es zu Gefechten mit CS-Guerillas bei Monroe Station / Missouri (vgl. Hicken: Il­linois in the Civil War, a.a.O., S. 18). ab 8.6.1863 Brigadekommandeur 1st Brigade Smith / 2nd Division BrigGen James D. *Morgan / Reserve Corps BrigGen Gordon *Granger / Army of the Cumberland (Welcher / Ligget: Coburn's Brigade, a.a.O., S. 107).

 

 

Smith, Robert H.:

CS-Politiker aus Alabama; im Februar 1861 Delegierter des Staates Alabama auf der Secession Convention in Montgomery / Alaba­ma. Smith hatte bei der Abstimmung im Bundesstaat Alabama gegen die Sezession gestimmt, wurde aber den dennoch als Delegier­ter seines Bundesstaates für die All-Süden-Convention in Montgomery bestimmt (vgl. Davis: A Government of Our Own, a.a.O., S. 44).

 

 

Smith, Scott:

US-Pvt; Co. G, 44th Regiment Iowa Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M541 Roll 24).

 

 

Smith, Summerfield:

CS-Pvt; A. Graham's Company, Virginia Light Artillery (Rockbridge Artillery) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 51); Rock­bridge Artillery (vgl. Tanner: Stonewall in the Valley, a.a.O., S. 577). He enlisted 2.9.1861 and died from disease (vgl. Moore, Ed­ward A.: The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson in which is told the Part taken by the Rockbridge Artillery, New York and Washington: The Neale Publishing Company, Appendix; veröffentlich als Gutenberg Ebook, http://www.gutenberg.org/ files/ 22067/22067-h/22067-h.htm).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Edmond B. (ed.): Papers. Scattered wartime letters of Summerfield Smith of the Rockbridge Artillery (University of Virgi­nia, Charlottesville, Va.)

 

 

Smith, Thomas:

US-Pvt; 9th New York Cavalry (Co E); am 1.7.1863 eingesetzt auf Vorposten nordöstlich von Gettysburg an der Hunterstown Road (vgl. Martin: Gettysburg, a.a.O., S. 64).

 

 

Smith, Thomas:

US-Pvt; Co. D, 67th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84).

 

 

Smith, Thomas Church Haskell:

US-BrigGen; 1819-97; aus Massachusetts; in der Vorkriegszeit Lawyer in Cincinnati und Präsident einer Telefongesellschaft. Er führte den Morse Telegraph im Westen und Süden ein. US-Finanzminister Chase bezeichnet Smith als "old friend" (Chase: Diary, a.a.O., S. 73). LtCol 1st Ohio Cavalry vom 5.9.1861-27.4.1863, bei der Besetzung der Colonel-Stelle der 1st Ohio Cavalry würde der damalige LtCol Smith übergangen und Maj. *Milliken zum Regimentskommandeur ernannt, worüber es erhebliche Unruhe unter den Offizieren gab (vgl. hierzu *Milliken); seit 29.11.1862 BrigGen unter Pope (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., S. 284 Anm. 63); Smith diente im August 1862 im Stab Pope's (vgl. Krick: Cedar Mountain, a.a.O., S. 21 mit Anm. 1 S. 402). 1863 kommandierte er den Wisconsin District und stoppte die 'Draft Riots'. IG im Department of Missouri 1864. Ausgemustert 1866, recommissioned in der Regular Army als Major Paymaster 1878; im Ruhestand seit 1883.

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Boatner, a.a.O., S. 774

- Smith, Thomas Church Haskell Smith: Papers, Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio

 

 

Smith, Thomas J.:

US-Corporal; Co. I, 71st Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84).

 

 

Smith, Thomas J.:

US-Pvt; Co. D, 65th Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84).

 

 

Smith, Thomas J.:

US-First Sergeant; Co. I, 96td Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84); Smith stammte aus Galena /Illi­nois (vgl. Partridge.: History of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ill. Vol. Inf., a.a.O., S. 51).

 

 

Smith, Thomas Kilby:

US-Col; 23.9.1820 Dorchester / Mass. - 14.9.1887 New York; im Alter von acht Jahren zog er mit seinen Eltern nach Hamilton County / Ohio; graduated 1837 am Cincinnati College; Jurastudium bei Salmon P. *Chase (dem späteren Secretary of Treasure der Lincoln-Regierung und Chief Justice am US-Supreme Court); er hatte in der Folge mehrere öffentliche Ämter inne und war bei Kriegsausbruch US-Marshall des Bezirks Süd-Ohio; 9.9.1861 Lt Col 54th Ohio Infantry; 31.10.1861 Col 54th Ohio Infantry; Teil­nahme am Battle of Shiloh; Stabsoffizier im Stab von US. Grant in der Vicksburg Campaign; BrigGen 11.8.1863; Teilnahme an der Red River Campaign; 13.3.1865 MajGen; in der Nachkriegszeit US-Konsul in Panama und Mitglied des Business Staff des New York Star (vgl. Warner: Generals in Blue, a.a.O., S. 461-462; Boatner, a.a.O., S. 774).

 

Im Frühjahr 1862 und im Battle of Shiloh gehörte die 54th Ohio Infantry zur 2nd Brigade Col David Stuart 5th Division BrigGen William T. Sherman in Grant’s Army of the Tennessee (vgl. Grant, U. S.: The Opposing Forces at Shiloh; in: B&L, vol. I, a.a.O., S. 538; Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 320). Am Vorabend der Schlacht von Shiloh wurde das Regiment zur Aufklärung zusammen mit der 5th Ohio Cavalry eingesetzt und legte einen Hinterhalt bei Jack Greer's House am *Lick Creek (vgl. Daniel: Shiloh, a.a.O., S. 133 mit Karte S. 103)

 

Photo:

Warner: Generals in Blue, a.a.O., S. 463

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Smith, Kilby T.: Letters (Huntingdon Library, San Marino / California)

 

 

Smith, Thomas L.:

US-Pvt; Co. K, 67th Regiment Illinois Infantry (3 month, 1862) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 84).

 

 

Smith, W. H.:

US-Col; Col 20th Michigan Infantry; während Grant's Vicksburg Campaign 1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg vol. III, S. 1145).

 

 

Smith, Walter W.:

CS-Captain des Confederate "Freibeuter"-Schiffs CSS Jeff Davis; Kaperung der USS-Enchantress am 7.6.1861 und andere US-Schif­fe (sog. Enchantress Affair); nach seiner Gefangennahme am 22.7.1861 wurde Smith von einem US-Gericht wegen "Piraterie" am 25.10.1861 verurteilt; um seine Hinrichtung zu verhindern, nahmen die CS-Behörden US-Col. Michael *Corcoran als Geisel, der bei 1st Bull verwundet worden und in Gefangenschaft geraten war vgl. Sherman, Memoirs, a.a.O., Bd. 1 S. 207 ff.). Secretary of Treasu­re, Chase (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., S. 49) berichtet von der Kabinettssitzung vom 10.12.1861; dort erschien eine Delegation aus New York um die Regierung zu einem Gefangenenaustausch, speziell im Fall Corcoran zu bewegen. Corcoran war, was Chase unbe­kannt war, von den CS-Behörden als Geisel für Walter W. *Smith genommen worden, der im Norden wegen Piraterie unter Anklage stand (vgl. Chase: Diary, Anm. 8 S. 279). 

.

 

Smith, William Alexander:

CS-Major, 14th North Carolina Infantry. - The 14th North Carolina fought at Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Mechanicsville, Cold Har­bor, Malvern Hill, Sharpsburg, Wilderness, Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania and Gettysburg.

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Smith, William Alexander (Major, 14th N. Carolina): The Ansom Guards, Company 'C' Fourteenth Regiment North Carolina Vol­unteers, 1861-1865 (Broadfoot Publishing, 1978); Reprint of 1914 Original, 368 pp, Index, Photos, Rosters

 

 

Smith, William Farrar:

US-BrigMaj; seine Ernennung zum MajGen wurde vom US-Senate nicht bestätigt

 

February 17, 1824 St. Albans/Vt. - † February 28, 1903 Philadelphia/PA, beerd. National Cemetery Arlingtin/VA; known as ‘Baldy’ Smith, West Point 1841 (4/41); Smith was a Union general in the American Civil War, notable for attracting the extremes of glory and blame. He was praised for his gallantry in the Seven Days Battles and the Battle of Antietam, but was demoted for insubordinati­on after the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg. As chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland, he achieved recogni­tion by restoring a supply-line that saved that army from starva­tion and surrender, known the “Cracker Line”, that helped Union troops to success in the Chattanooga Campaign in the autumn of 1863. Leading the first operation against Petersburg, Smith’s hesita­tion, possibly illness-related, cost the Union a prime opportunity for a quick end to the war, and he was relieved of command (vgl. Wikipedia, William F. Smith).

 

Kommandierender General VI Corps, Franklin's Grand Division, Army of the Potomac wähend der Fredericksburg Campaign; Smith war wie auch sein unmittelbarer Vorgesetzter Franklin an der Revolt of the Generals gegen MajGen Ambrose A. Burnside beteiligt (vgl. Sears: Controversies & Commanders, a.a.O., S. 140 ff).

 

BrigGen John Cochrane war an der „Revolt of the Generals“ vom Dezember 1862 (nach dem verlorenen Battle of Fredericksburg) gegen MajGen Burnside beteiligt (vgl. Sears: Chancellorsville, a.a.O., S. 1 ff.; vgl. Wert: Army of the Potomac, a.a.O., S. 206). Cochrane and sein Divisionskommandeur MajGen John *Newton had not concocted this intrigue by themselves. They merely repre­sented the largest and boldest evidence of a general's revolt in the Army of the Potomac aimed at Burnside's overthrow, whose leaders were Cochrane's and Newton's immediate superiors, Major Generals William Franklin and William Smith (vgl. Sears: Chancellors­ville, a.a.O., S. 2; vgl. Wert: Army of the Potomac, a.a.O., S. 206; ). Beide trafen am 30.12.1862 mit Präsident Lincoln in dieser An­gelegenheit zu­sammen (vgl. Wert: Army of the Potomac, a.a.O., S. 206), nachdem Cochrane das Treffen über Secretary of State Sal­mon P. Chase initiiert hatte (vgl. Sears: Chancellorsville, a.a.O., S. 2). Beide wußten sicher, daß ihr Vorhaben an Subordination grenz­te. Newton ad­mitted that they were in „a very delicate position“. At one point in the discussion Lincoln remarked that he thought that they meant „to injure General Burnside“. They denied it, replying that only patriotism motivated them. Lincoln thanked them for the informati­on, and the generals departed (vgl. Wert: Army of the Potomac, a.a.O., S. 206-207).

 

However, his indiscretion in communicating to Lincoln directly about Burnside's shortcomings, compounded by the fact that Smith was a close friend of out-of-favor Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, resulted in his losing both his corps command and his rank; the Senate failed to confirm his nomination to major general, which expired on March 4, 1863. Reverting to the rank of brigadier gene­ral, he commanded a division-sized force of militia within the Department of the Susquehanna in Pennsylvania during the critical days of the Gettysburg Campaign, repelling Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart at askirmish in Carlisle. Smith's green troops then participated in the unsuccessful pursuit of Gen. Robert E. Lee back to the Potomac River. He followed this in division command in West Virginia.

 

Während Lee's Invasion in Pennsylvania vom Juni 1863 kommandierte Smith die US-Militia des *Department of the Susquehanna in den Verteidigungsstellungen auf dem Westufer des Susquehanna vor Harrisburg, Pa. (vgl. Cod­dington: Gettysburg Campaign, a.a.O., S. 146). Chief Engineer der Army of the Cumberland in Chattanooga; sein Vorschlag, einen Brückenschlag über den Tennessee nach der Eroberung von Brown's Ferry am Abend des 23.10.1863 gab Grant direkt nach seiner Ankunft die Möglichkeit, die erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Eröffnung einer weiteren Versorgungslinie für die hungernden US-Truppen in Chattanooga zu treffen, worauf der Angriff vom 27.10.1863 basierte (vgl. Time-Life-Buch Chattanooga, a.a.O., S. 30 f; vgl. Porter: Campaining with Grant, a.a.O., S. 4).

 

MajGen McClellan äußerte später über ihn: Smith „must always intrigue the acts of all above him. He did much harm in that way“ (vgl. Sears: Controversies & Commanders, a.a.O., S. 141).

 

Photo:

- Sears: Controversies & Commanders, a.a.O., S. 132

- Time-Life-Buch Chattanooga, a.a.O., S. 32

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Maharay, George S.: Baldy: Major General William F. Smith

- Schiller, Herbert M.: Autobiography of Major General William F. Smith (1861-1864) (Dayton: Miorningside, 1990)

 

 

Smith, William Sooy:

US-MajGen; Smith; Kavalleriekommandeur der Kavalleriedivision der Army of the Mississippi; Smith führte während Sherman’s *Meridian Campaign den Parallelstoß mit einer Kavalleriedivision (7000 Mann) von Memphis Richtung Meridian (Castel, Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 47/48). Smith erreichte jedoch Meridian nicht, aus drei Gründen:

- schlechte Zeitplanung Sherman’s

- zu langsames Vorrücken Smith, der mit seiner Kavallerie nur durchschnittlich 15 mi / Tag zurücklegte, und die restliche Zeit mit Plünderungen etc. verbringen ließ

- der Smith’s Truppen gegenüber stehende CS-MajGen Nathan Bedford Forrest, er zunächst das verzögernde Gefecht gegen Smith’s Truppen führte, schlug mit nur 2500 Mann 21.2.1864 zu, als Smith am 21.2.1864 erkannte, daß er Meridian zeitgleich mit Sherman nicht erreichen konnte und den Rückzug begann. Im Gefecht von Okolona am 22.2.1864 griff Forrest die Nachhut Smith frontal und gleichzeitig flankierend an, worauf Panik unter den Föderierten ausbrach, die schließlich die ganze Streitmacht Smith’s ergriff (Cas­tel, Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 53).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Castel, Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 53/54

- Smith, Sooy: Brief an Gen. Sherman v. 9.7.1875 (abgedruckt bei Sherman, Memoirs, Bd. 1, S. 452/53

- Smith, Sooy: Brief an Gen. Sherman v. 14.7.1875 (abgedruckt bei Sherman, Memoirs, Bd. 1, S. 454/55

- Waring, George E., Jr.: „The Sooy Smith Expedition,“ in: Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buel (New York: Century Co., 1887

 

 

 

Smithee, James Newton:

CS-Lt; 1838-1902; 2nd Lt in Woodruff's Arkansas Battery. Smithee was a newspaperman from Sharp County, who established a newspaper in Brownsville (Prairie County) in 1860. He enlisted in the Confederate service in 1861, eventually becoming a second lieutenant in Woodruff's Arkansas Battery. (The name of this unit underwent many changes; names that Smithee used most often were Blocher's or Marshall's Battalion.). Smithee surrendered with the rest of his unit and returned to Arkansas, resuming work as a newspaperman.

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Lorraine Blore Ragland Family: Papers, 1860-1981; 2 1/2 linear feet. Journals, letters, literary manuscripts, and photographs pertai­ning to the Cowgill-Smithee-Blore-Ragland families of Arkansas, Colorado, and California. The collection consists of the papers of Annie Eliza Cowgill Smithee (1846- 1903), James Newton Smithee (1838-1902), and their descendants. Annie Eliza Cowgill was the daughter of Addison J. H. Cowgill and, through his lineage, a descendent of Benjamin Harrison, signer of the Declaration of Indepen­dence. Smithee was a newspaperman from Sharp County, who established a newspaper in Brownsville (Prairie County) in 1860. He enlisted in the Confederate service in 1861, eventually becoming a second lieutenant in Woodruff's Arkansas Battery. (The name of this unit underwent many changes; names that Smithee used most often were Blocher's or Marshall's Battalion.) During the war An­nie remained in Little Rock (Pulaski County) and was an eyewitness to the city's capture by the Federal army September 10, 1863. In 1865, Smithee surrendered with the rest of his unit and returned to Arkansas, resuming work as a newspaperman. The Ragland col­lection includes letters, journals, literary manuscripts, and photographs from three generations of the Smithee family, as well as many letters written by Annie and Smithee during the Civil War years. Among the latter are those written by Smithee just before and after the battle of Helena (Phillips County), in July 1863, and one letter to Annie from David O. Dodd. Annie's Civil War diary is of parti­cular interest as it contains a near day-to-day record of the first weeks of Little Rock's occupation by the Union army and extensive mention of David O. Dodd, who was a personal friend of Annie before his execution for espionage in January 1864. Essays written by James Newton Smithee concerning his military experiences, as well as poetry written by Annie Cowgill and her admirers during the Civil War, also exist in the collection (Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville: Manuscript Resources for the Civil War, Compiled by Kim Allen Scott, 1990).

 

 

Snead, Thomas L.:

CS-Colonel; Snead war "aide-de-camp" von Missouri-Gouverneur Jackson, "acting Adjutant-General" der Missouri State Guard; Stabschef der CS Army of the West und Mitglied des CS-Congress; he was made by General Price the custodian of his private and official papers (vgl. Snead, Thomas L.: The First Year of the War in Missouri; in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, ed. Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buel. 4 vols. New York, 1884-1887, Vol. I, S. 263-277; Duke, Basil W.: Reminiscenses, a.a.O., S. 40, 53).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Brooksher, William Riley: Bloody Hill, a.a.O., S. 79-80, 131, 168, 183, 236

- **Snead, Thomas L.: Thomas L. Snead Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis

- **Snead, Thomas L.: The First Year of the War in Missouri; in: Battles & Leaders, I S. 262-277

 

 

Snead, Thomas T. L.:

CS-Lt;

 

 

Snedeker, Henry Charles:

US-Sgt; 124th Illinois Infantry

 

Photo:

- Snedeker, a.a.O., Foreword

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Snedeker, Henry Charles: Civil War Diary 1863-1865, +++ergänzen+++

 

 

Sneed, Sebron G.:

CS-Captain; 1864 war Sneed Captain der 6th Texas Infantry, Granbury's Brigade (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 72). Vor dem Krieg hatte Sneed in Rom / Italien Theologie studiert, war jedoch nicht Priester geworden (vgl. Castel, a.a.O., S. 578 n 15).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sneed, Sebron G.: Family Papers (University of Texas Library, Austin)

 

 

Snell, James H.:

US-Sergeant; Co. H, 52nd Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 85).

 

 

Snell, James P.:

US-Sergeant; Co. A, 52nd Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 85).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Snell, James P.: "Diary and Personal Memorandum Book of Private James P. Snell, 52nd Illinois Volunteers." Transcript, Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield / Illinois

 

 

Snider, John N.:

CS-Pvt; 1834-1897; 14th Virginia Cavalry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Snider, John N. (1834-97): Letter, 1863. Soldier in the 14th Virginia Cavalry, Jenkins Brigade. Letter from Snider in "Camp near Salem" to his sister. Writes about the high price of food and that there is preaching in the camp every Sunday (Virginia Tech, Univ. Libraries, Special Collections: Civil War guide. Manuscript Sources for Civil War Research in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries Ms 91-063).

 

 

Snider, Joseph:

CS-++; 31st Virginia Infantry (vgl. Tanner: Stonewall in the Valley, a.a.O., S. 277)

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Snider, Joseph: Diary. Unpublished wartime diary, written in 1862 (West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia)

 

 

Snyder, G. W.:

US-Lt; eingesetzt 1861 als Lt in Fort Sumter

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History of the Civil War, vol I, a.a.O., S. 91

 

 

Snodgrass, Charles E.:

CS-Major; im Frühjahr 1862 Quartermaster in Ewell's Division (vgl. Pfanz: Ewell, a.a.O., S. 155).

 

 

Sorrel, Moxley:

CS-BrigGen; Longstreet’s Stabsoffizier; 1838 - † 1901; aus Georgia; A. Captain on Longstreet's staff, he was at 1^st Bull Run as his volunteers A.D.C. and was appointed Acting Adj. Gen. Of Longstreet's brigade on 1.9.1861. He served in this capacity at Williams­burg, Seven Pines, and the Seven Days' Battles. Then as Major and Acting Adj. Gen. of Longstreet's Division after 24.7.1862, he was at Antietam. When Longstreet was made commander of a permanent corps Sorrel was promoted LtCol and Acting Adj. Gen. 23.6.1863 and was at Gettysburg and Chickamauga. In the Battle of the Wilderness he had become Adj. Gen. and was in effect corps Chief of Staff. He led 4 brigades in a successful envelopment of the Federal left at then Wilderness. Appointed BrigGen on 27.10.1864 he was given a brigade of Georgia troops on the 31.10.1864 and commanded them in Mahone's division at Petersburg. At Hatcher's Run he received an incapacitating chest wound am 7.2.1865. After the war he was a merchant and businessman. He ist the author of what Freeman has called „a famous and delightful memoir“ (vgl. Boatner: Dictionary, a.a.O., S. 778).

 

Sorrel beschreibt sein erstes Zusammentreffen mit seinem Vorgesetzten:

„Brig.-Gen. James Longstreet was then a most striking figure, about forty years of age, a soldier every inch, and very handsome, tall and well proportioned, strong and active, a superb horseman and with an unsurpassed soldierly bearing, his features and expression fairly matched; eyes, glint steel blue, deep and piercing; a full brown beard, head well shaped and poised. The worst feature was the mouth, rather course; it was partly hidden, however, by his ample beard. His career had not been without mark. Graduating from West Point in 1842, he was assigned to the Fourth Infantry, the regiment which Grant joined one year later. The Mexican War coming on, Longstreet had opportunity of service and distinction which he did not fail to make the most of, wounds awaited him, and brevets to console such hurts. After peace with Mexico he was in the Indian troubles, had a long tour of duty in Texas, and eventually recei­ved the appointment of major and paymaster. It was from that rank and duty that he went at the call of his State to arm and battle for the Confederacy. History will tell how well he did it. He brought to our army a high reputation as an energetic, capable, and experi­enced soldier. At West Point he was fast friends with Grant, and was his best man at the latter’s marriage. Grant, true as steel to his friends, never in all his subsequent marvelous career failed Longstreet when there was need.“ (vgl. Sorrel, Moxley: Recollections, a.a.O., S. 23, Beschreibung des ersten Zusammentreffen mit BrigGen Longstreet).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Cannan, Antietam, a.a.O., S. 97

- Fremantle: Three Months, a.a.O., S. 257

- Sorrel, Moxley: Gen G. Moxley Sorrel, C.S.A. - Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York, 1905), Reprint 1999 Broadfoot Publishing - Reprint of McCowat-Mercer 1958 printing - Dust Jacket - Edited by Bell Wi­ley - Nevins says „Incisive me­moirs by the cultured, mild-mannered Chief of Staff for Gen. James Longstreet; contains much on the high command of the Army of Northern Virginia“

 

 

Southwick, Thomas P.:

US-+++; 5th New York Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Southwick, Thomas P. (5th NY Infantry): A Duryee Zouave (Schroeder Publications); 142 pp. Introduction by Brian Pohanka. Ad­ded Photos; 59 Biographies; Index; Reprint of scarce 1930 original

 

 

Spach, Bennet:

CS-Pvt; 1st North Carolina Sharpshooter Battalion

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History of the Civil War, vol I, a.a.O., S. 142

 

 

Spach, William E.:

CS-Pvt; 1st North Carolina Sharpshooter Battalion; Bruder von Pvt Bennett *Spach

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History of the Civil War, vol I, a.a.O., S. 142

 

 

Spalding, Edward B.:

US-1stLt; Co. E, 52nd Regiment Illinois Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M539 Roll 85).

 

Edward B. Spalding erhielt als Sergeant am 15.1.1894 die Medal of Honor für seinen Einsatz bei Pittsburg Landing/Tenn.: „Although twice wounded, and thereby crippled for life, he remained fighting in open ground to the close of the battle." (vgl. National Park, Medal of Honor Recipients, Edward B. Spalding).

 

 

Sparks, Allison W.:

CS-+++; 9th Texas Cavalry; Teilnahme am Van Dorn's Vorstoß Richtung Missouri Anfang März 1862 während der Pea Ridge Cam­paign (vgl. Shea / Hess: Pea Ridge, a.a.O., S. 62 "A Texan" und S. 351 Anm. 1).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sparks, Allison W.: The War between the States As I Saw It: Reminiscenses, Historical and Personal (Tyler, Tex.: Lee and Burnett, Printers, 1901. Reprint, Longview, Tex.: D & D Printing, 1987)

 

 

Sparks, Harry B.:

US-Captain; 1863 Co C 3rd Indiana Cavalry 1st Cavalry Brigade Col William *Gamble 1st Cavalry Division Buford im Cavalry Corps Pleasonton's der Army of the Potomac; Teilnahme an Buford's Aufklärung nach Gettysburg am 30.6.1863 (vgl. Martin: Gettys­burg, a.a.O., S. 42).

 

 

Sparks, David W.:

US-+++; Adjutant 93rd Indiana Infantry bei deren Aufstellung am 8.9.1862 (vgl. Dunbar, a.a.O., S. 5). Die 93rd Indiana Infantry wurde im November 1862 nach Memphis verlegt und bei Sherman's Vorstoß nach Süden eingesetzt (vgl. Bearss, Vicksburg, a.a.O., Vol. I, S. 59 Anm. 3)

 

 

Spaulding, Ira:

US-BrigGen; zuerst Captain Co. E&F, 50th Regiment New York Engineers (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 133); er war in der Schlacht von Fredericksburg mit dem Brückenschlag über den Rappa­hannock direkt gegenüber der Stadt Fredericksburg beauf­tragt (vgl. Brooks: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 45).

 

Bei der Vorbereitung der Schlacht von Fredericksburg war höchste Eile geboten, um die US-Truppen schnellst möglich über den Rappahannock zu bringen und Gen Lee keine Zeit zu geben, die Verteidigung auf den Höhen bei Marye's Heights einzurichten. Doch kamen die Pontons nicht heran um die erforderlichen Kriegsbrücken aufzubauen. These bridge tenders belonged to the 50th New York Engineers, one of the few volunteer sapper regiments in the Army. Das Regiment unterhielt im Spätjahr 1862 Kriegs­brücken bei Harpers Ferry, bei Berlin/Maryland mit weiteren 56 Booten über den Chesapeake and Ohio Canal und weiteren 20 Boo­ten die abmarschbereit verladen waren. Die Brücken bei Harper's Ferry sollten aufrechterhalten bleiben, dagegen die Brücken bei Berlin sollten abgebaut und nach Fredericksburg transportiert werden. Am 12.11.1862 hatte Burnside seinen Angriffsplan den Gene­ral Headquarter in Washington übermittelt und erhielt am 14.11.1862 von Präsident Lincoln persönlich den Angriffsbefehl. Burnsi­de's Vorhut erreichte am 17.11.1862 die Furten über den Rappahannock, aber von den erforderlichen Pontons zum Brückenbau fehlte jede Nachricht. Burnside wartete vergeblich tagelang und General Lee hatte alle Zeit, seine Verteidigung zu organisieren (vgl. Catton: Glory Road, a.a.O., S. 21-24).

 

Grund war eine unglaubliche Schlamperei im General Headquarter in Washington. GQH had decided on 6.11.1862 to move the pon­toon train down to Washington, so that ist could quickly be brought down into Virginia in case of need, but some functionary at GHQ forgot that there was such a thing as a military telegraph line and simply put the order per mail (!). Die Nachricht traf bei Major Spaulding erst abends am 12.11.1862 und damit 6 Tage zu spät ein. Spaulding wurde sofort tätig, erteilte die erforderlichen Befehle und fuhr am 13.11.1862 nach Washington, um seinem Vorgesetzten BrigGen Daniel P. Woodbury zu berichten. Bei diesem traf er spät nachts ein. Woodbury looked at Spaulding's orders, and thus himself learned for the first time that a pontoon train was to be pre­pared for possible service. The hour being late, he told Spaulding to come back next morning and they would see what new orders there might be. Next Morning, 14.11.1862 when Spaulding waited in Woodbury's headquarters, to see Oberbefehlshaber Halleck, who didn't know, that Lincoln had ordered Burnside to cross the Rappahannock and attack Lee. Gen Halleck hatte gerade erst davor gewarnt, ohne Bereitstellung der Pontons zum weiteren Vorgehen anzutreten (vgl. Catton: Glory Road, a.a.O., S. 24-25).

 

Da weder Pferde noch das für diese erforderliche Zaumzeug bereit stand für den Transport der Pontons bereit stand, dauerte es bis zum 19.11.1862 bis der Transport übe Land begonnen werden konnte. Andere Pontons wurden auf dem Potomac mit dem Dampfer Hero in Richtung Fredericksburg heraufgezogen. Das Dampfschiff Hero fuhr sich fest und es dauerte Stunden, dieses frei zu bekom­men. In der Zwischenzeit warteten General Burnside und der Befehlshaber der Right Grand Division (II. und XI Corps) mit 40000 Mann am Ufer des Rappahannock und hinter ihnen Gen Hooker mit weiteren 40000 Mann auf das Eintreffen der Pontons. Regenfälle weichten die Straßen auf und führten zu weiteren Verzögerungen. Die auf dem Potomac nach Belle Plaine transportierten Pontons er­hielten keine Befehle zum weitern Transport und Gen. Burnside wurde von deren Eintreffen überhaupt nicht benachrichtigt (vgl. Cat­ton: Glory Road, a.a.O., S. 25-27).

 

It must be remembered that, as far as Major Ira *Spaulding knew, time was no particular object. General Woodbury wrote later that „no one ever informed me that the success of any important movement depended in the slightest degree upon a pontoon train to leave Washington by land“. Both he and Major Spaulding supposed that this was simply a routine movement involving no special reason for hurry (vgl. Catton: Glory Road, a.a.O., S. 27; vgl. OR Serial 031 p. 794).

 

Ira Spaulding of New York, appointed from New York, Captain, 50th New York Engineers, 29 August 1861, Major, 14 October 1862, Lieutenant Colonel, 1 January 1863. Breveted Colonel United States Volunteers for gallant and meritorious service in the campaign before Richmond. Breveted Brigadier General of United States Volunteers, 9 April 1865 for gallant and meritorious service in the re­cent operations resulting in the surrender of the insurgent army under General R. E. Lee. Honorably mustered out of the volunteer service on 14 June 1865. Born 12.1818 Vernon/New York - † 2.10.1875 (vgl. http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/ispaulding.htm).

 

Photo:

Ira Spaulding (vgl. www.findagrave.com)

 

 

Spaulding, Minor P.:

US-First Sergeant; zunächst Pvt Co. A 3rd Michigan Infantry Regiment, später Sgt 10th Michigan Cavalry

 

Spaulding stammt aus Kent County, Michigan. Enlisted 2.3.1862 and was discharged for disability on 13.10.1862. He reeinlisted in the 10^th Michigan Cavalry Regiment as a sergeant on 7.9.1863. Promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant 2.10.1865 und First Sergeant 2.11.1865. Mustered out at Memphis, Tenn. am 11.11.1865 (vgl. http://www.migenweb.org/michiganinthewar/photos/ mspaulding. Htm, Abruf vom 7.6.2015).

 

Photo:

Minor P. Spaulding, Co E, 10th Michigan Infantry (vgl. http://www.migenweb.org/michiganinthewar/ photos/mspaulding.Htm, Abruf vom 7.6.2015).

 

 

Spaulding, Oliver Lyman:

US-BrigGen; 1864 während Sherman's Atlanta Campaign war Spaulding Regimentskommandeur der 23rd Michigan Infantry. Diese gehörte zur 2nd Brigade BrigGen Milo S. Hascall, 2nd Division BrigGen Henry M. Judah, XIII Army Corps, Army of the Ohio. Teil­nahme am Battle of Resaca am 14./15.5.1864. Beim ersten Angriff auf die starken CS-Stellungen wurde Judah's Division mit großen Verlusten zurückgeschlagen (vgl. Castel: Decision in the West, a.a.O., S. 160; Cox: Battle for Atlanta, a.a.O., S. 44).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Spaulding, Oliver Lyman: Military Memoirs of BrigGen Oliver L. Spaulding (Michigan Historical Collections, Bentley Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor)

 

 

Speakman, Franklin:

US-Col; 1862 Regimentskommandeur 133rd Pennsylvania Infantry (vgl. Gallagher: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 85)

 

Das Regiment gehörte seit Frühjahr 1862 zur Brigade von BrigGen Henry Shaw Briggs, und seit Herbst 1862 zur Division von Brig­Gen Andrew Atchinson Humphreys; Teilnahme am Angriff auf den Stonewall im Battle von Fredericksburg (vgl. Gallagher u.a.: Fre­dericksburg, a.a.O., S. 84). Da der Brigadekommandeur Briggs auf grund einer Verwundung im Battle of Fair Oaks schwer verwun­det worden war, führte Col Allabach die Brigade im Battle von Fredericksburg (vgl. Gallagher u.a.: Fredericksburg, a.a.O., S. 84).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Speakman, Franklin: Speakman's Report OR I 21: 433, 466

 

 

Spear, Ellis:

US-BrigGen; 1834-?; aus Maine; Captain 20th Maine Infantry am 29.8.1862; Maj 28.8.1863; Col 29.5.1865; Bvt. BrigGen 9.5.1865. Brevets for Peeble's Farm / Va., Lewis' Farm / VA and surrender of Robert E. Lee. Bei Peeble's Farm kommandierte Ellis eine Briga­de, obwohl er im Rang eines Majors stand. Nachkriegszeit: bekannter Patent Anwalt; zeitweise Tätigkeit im US Patent Office (vgl. Boatner, a.a.O., S. 781).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Spear, Ellis: The 20th Maine at Fredericksburg: The Conflicting Accounts of Gen. Josua L. Chamberlain ans Gen. Ellis Spear (Union Publishing); Foreword by Tom Desjardin; 104 pp. Spear raised many of the units that came from Maine; he held a dif­ferent view of war and held with distain the glory told in the memoirs of most veterans. He took issue with Chamberlain's "My Story of Fredericksburg" and wrote his own "My Story of Fredericksburg and Comments Thereon...", later known as the "Comments". A Cap­tain during the battle, he took issue with what he saw as Chamberlain and others "...boasting or misrepresentation of their own ser­vices." Both stories are reprinted with commentary and additional details on the 20th Maine at Fredericksburg; Photos; Maps

- **Spear,Ellis: „Memorial Day Speech Given at Warren, Maine,“ May 30, 1888, in the possession of the late Abbott Spear, Warren / Maine

 

 

Spears, James G.:

US-BrigGen

 

James G. Spears, who helped organize the First Tennessee (Union) Infantry in 1861 and became its lieutenant colonel. Spears was la­ter placed in command of a brigade in the Army of the Ohio and attained the rank of brigadier general. He was a slave-owning Unio­nist from Tennessee and believed the Emancipation Proclamation was illegal and unconstitutional and that only states could change slave laws. In February of 1864, General Spears was brought to trial in Knoxville, Tennessee, on charges including "using disloyal language." (vgl. General Court Martial Orders, No. 267, War Department, August 30, 1864, RG 153, NARA).

 

Several officers testified about conversations with General Spears concerning the administration in Washington and the topic of sla­very. One Union officer testified that General Spears expressed the view that the President of the United States had the right to use slaves for military purposes but could not affect the institution of slavery itself for it was governed by state laws. Another officer tes­tified that while discussing the war and slavery with the accused, General Spears felt "that there had not been a time since the rebelli­on began that the war could have been closed in sixty days; that he believed it was the policy of those in power to continue the war as a pretext or excuse to interfere with the institution of slavery, and when he found this to be the case, the Government might go to hell and he would be found fighting in the field against it."

 

Spears was found guilty of "using disloyal language" and "conduct prejudicial to good order and military discipline" and sentenced to be dismissed from the service of the United States. The findings and sentence were disapproved by Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield, commanding the Department of the Ohio, because "using disloyal language is an offense not specified in the rules and articles of war and hence one over which a general court martial has no jurisdiction." Although Schofield acknowledged the lack of jurisdiction in the case, he recommended that the accused be dismissed anyway. This recommendation was forwarded for action to the President of the United States. President Lincoln concurred with Schofield's suggestion and on August 17, 1864, penned "summarily dismissed" on the case file, thus ending the military career of Brig. Gen. James G. Spears (vgl. File MM1367, entry 15, Court-Martial Case Files, RG 153, NARA).

 

 

Speed, Frederic:

US-Captain; geborenen 1841 im Westteil des Staates New York; seit 1860 wohnhaft in Portland / Maine; 5th Maine Infantry, dann 13th Maine Infantry; im April 1865 Assistant Adjutant General in Vicksburg während der Abwesenheit von Captain George August Williams. Speed war der einzige der zuständigen Offiziere, der wegen der *USS-Sultana Katastrophe vor das Kriegsgericht gestellt wurde (vgl. Potter, Sultana, a.a.O., S. 30/32; Salecker: Sultana, a.a.O., S. 25)

 

zum Vorwurf der Bestechung vgl. Salecker, a.a.O., S. 50

 

Photo:

- Potter, a.a.O., S. 31

 

Urkunden/Urkunden/Literatur:

- National Archives Washington/DC: Records of the Judge Advocate Generals's Office, Record Group 153: Transcript of the Court Martial of Capt. Frederic Speed

 

 

Speed, James:

US-Politiker, einer der entschiedensten Befürworter der Union in Kentucky; Bruder eines der engsten Freunde Lincoln's; 1864 Nach­folger Bates' als Attorney General (vgl. Chase: Diary, a.a.O., S. 51)

 

 

Speed, Joshua:

US-++ aus Kentucky; ein Bekannter von Lincoln; Lincoln bitte Thurlow *Weed, Joshua Speed's Mission zu unterstützen (vgl. Basler: Collected Works of Lincoln, vol. VII, a.a.O., S. 77: Brief Lincoln's an Thurlow Weed vom 17.12.1863).

 

 

Speer, William Henry Asbury:

CS-Col; Regimentskommandeur 28th North Carolina Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Lane, James H. Papers (1854-1907) - RG 501 [Lane's Brigade / 1st North Carolina Volunteers]) (Auburn University Archives)

- Speer, Allen Paul: "Voices from Cemetary Hill." The Civil War Diary, Reports and Letters of Colonel William Henry Asbury Speer (1861-1864); Johnson City / TN, 1997, Bibliothek Ref++++

 

 

Speed, William J.:

US-Captain; Co. D, 24th Regiment Michigan Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M545 Roll 40).

27.3.1832 Detroit/Michigan - † gef. 1.7.1863 Willougby's Run/Gettysburg (vgl. Curtis: 24th Michigan Infantry, a.a.O., S. 175; vgl. OR 27.1.267, Official Report for the 24th Michigan, Col Henry A. Morrow); beerd. Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit,Wayne County/Michigan; Sohn von John James II Speed (20.7.1803 Mecklenburg, VA - † 1867 Brooklyn, NY) und (°° 30.9.1829) der Anna Sophie Morell (1808 Kings Co., NY - † 9.7.1881) (vgl. http://www.7thwisconsin.org/24th-MI-Rosters).

 

Speed war in der Vorkriegszeit Detroit's City attorney und auch Mitglied der Detroit Light Guard; er besaß gute Kenntnis in militäri­scher Taktik (vgl. Finney, David D. und Judith Stermer McIntosh: Remembering Michigan's Civil War Soldiers, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston/SC 2015, S. 100).

 

Speed war im Battle of Gettysburg der Acting Major der 24th Michigan (vgl. OR 27.1.267, Official Report for the 24th Michigan, Col Henry A. Morrow).

 

Two days after the end of the battle his father arrived to retrieve his remains, which were buried in his home town. He was 30 years old (vgl. www.findagrave.com, Abruf vom 6.10.2016).

 

Photo:

- Grabstein Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit,Wayne County/Michigan (http://www.findagrave.com)

- Captain William J. Speed (http://www.findagrave.com, Photo zur Verfügung gestellt durch Norman Dagen)

 

 

Spencer, George:

US-Pvt; 7th Rhode Island Infantry

 

- Spencer, George: Correspondence 1862-64. Soldier in the 7th Rhode Island Infantry. Three letters from Maryland, Rhode Island, and Kentucky, to his mother in Indian Orchard, Massachusetts. Writes that he will send money home, and asks her to buy him a Smith and Wesson Seven Shooter (Virginia Tech, Univ. Libraries, Special Collections: Civil War guide - Manuscript Sources for Ci­vil War Research in the Special Collections Department of the Virginia Tech Libraries. Ms89-100).

 

 

Spengler, Abraham:

CS-Col; Co. F, 33rd Regiment Virginia Infantry; zunächst Captain Co. F, 33rd Regiment Virginia Infantry (vgl. National Park Sol­diers M382 Roll 52).

 

 

Sperry, Andrew F.:

US-+++; 33rd Iowa Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sperry, A. F.: History of the 33rd Iowa Infantry Volunteer Regiment, 1863-1866 (Univ Arkansas Press; Reprint of 1866 Original); 408 pp; Illustrated

 

 

Spicely, William T.:

US-Col; Col 24th Indiana Infantry; Spicely kommandierte den Brückenkopf auf dem Ostufer des Tallahatchie bei Polkville / Missis­sippi (vgl. Karte: Davis Nr. 154 E 10), der während Grant's Overland Campaign (Vicksburg Campaign) und dem gleichzeitigen Flan­kenstoß Gen Hovey's aus Helena / Arkansas in den Rücken der CS-Truppen, durch Col Cadwallader C. *Washburn's Raiders am 29.11.1862 gebildet worden war. Der Brückenkopf wurde gebildet von der 11th und 24th Indiana Infantry (vgl. Bearss, Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., I 82 mit Karte S. 56). Am 30.11.1862 stießen die 11th und 24th Indiana Infantry nach *Mitchell's Cross-Roads vor in den Rücken der CS-Verteidigungslinie, wo sie den Übergang über den *Yocona River gegen CS-Truppen aus dem Norden deck­ten, um die Rückkehr von Washburn's Raiders zu sichern (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg Campaign, a.a.O., S. 85).

 

Col 24th Indiana Infantry, 1st Brigade George F. McGinnis, 12th Division Alvin P. Hovey, XIII. Army Corps McClernand während Grant's Campaign gegen Vicksburg 1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, vol. II, S. 403). Battle of Port Gibson am 1.5.1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, a.a.O., vol. II, S. 403).

 

 

Spiegel, Marcus M.:

US-Col; zunächst Captain, Co. C, 67th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 103), dann LtCol und später Col , Co. F&S, 120th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 103)

 

120th Ohio Infantry, 9th Division Osterhaus, XIII. Army Corps McClernand während Grant's Cam­paign gegen Vicksburg 1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, vol. II, S. 402). Battle of Port Gibson am 1.5.1863 (vgl. Bearss: Vicksburg, vol. II, S. 402).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Byrne, Frank L., and Jean Powers (eds.): Your True Marcus: The Civil War Letters of a jewish Colonel (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1985) (Anm.: Col. Marcus M. Spiegel, 67th Regiment Ohio Infantry)

 

 

Spofford, John A.:

US-Musician und Band Leader (Regimentskapelle), Co. F&S, 19th Regiment Massachusetts Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M544 Roll 18; vgl. Waitt, Ernest L.: History of the Nineteenth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, a.a.O., 18).

 

 

Spooner, Edmund D.:

US-Lt; Battery L, Fifth US Artillery; Teilnahme am Battle of Winchester am 13.6.1863 (vgl. Nye: Here come the Rebels, a.a.O., S. 81); zunächst Sergeant, Co. G, 5th Regiment Ohio Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M552 Roll 103).

 

 

Spooner, Henry J.:

US-Lt; 4th Rhode Island Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Spooner, Henry J.: "The Maryland Campaign with the Forth Rhode Island," Personal Narratives of the Events of the War of the Re­bellion (Rhode Island Soldiers and Sailors Historical Society, Sixth Series, no. 5, Providence, 1903)

 

 

Sprague, Homer B.:

US-Col; Regimentskommandeur 13th Connecticut Infantry

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sprague, Homer B. (13th Connecticut Vols): "Lights and Shadows in Confederate Prisons: A Personal Experience 1864-5" (Put­nam's, New York 1915); 163 pp; Index. An account of prison life at Libby, Danville and Salisburg Prisons by a Colonel of the 13th Connecticut

 

 

Sprague, Horace A.:

1819 – Juni 1875 New York (http://www.findagrave.com); US-Captain; Co. B, 13^th New York State Militia Regiment (3 month, 1861) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 133); Co. B., 13th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment (State Militia) (3 month, 1862) (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 133).

 

Sprague war ein altgedienter Militia-Mann; er trat 1846 in das neugegründete 14th New York Militia Regiment (Co. A, the „Union Blue or City Grenadiers) ein (vgl. Tevis, C. V.: History of the Fighting Fourteenth, a.a.O., S. 8); er wurde 1848 zum LtCol des Re­giments gewählt (vgl. Tevis, C. V.: History of the Fighting Fourteenth, a.a.O., S. 9); 1859 legte er sein Amt nieder und kehrte zu Co. A 14th New York Militia Regiment zurück (vgl. Tevis, C. V.: History of the Fighting Fourteenth, a.a.O., S. 10). 1860 trat er aus dem 14th New York Militia Regiment aus und schloß sich dem 13rd New York Militia Regiment an (vgl. Tevis, C. V.: History of the Figh­ting Fourteenth, a.a.O., S. 10).

 

Photo:

- Grabstein von Horace A. Sprague, Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn/NY (http://www.findagrave.com)

 

 

Sprague, Horace W.:

US-Corporal; Co. E, 10th Ney York Cavalry Regiment (vgl. National Park Soldiers M551 Roll 133)

 

 

Sprague, John W.:

US-BrigGen; Col. Sprague führte eine Brigade des XVI. Army Corps in Decatur während des Battle of Peach Tree Creek; er verhin­derte den Durchbruch der Rebs bei Decatur, gewann die Congressional Medal of Honor und die Beförderung zum BrigGen (vgl. Evans, Sherman's Horsemen, a.a.O., S. 94).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sprague, John T.: The Florida War (New York, 1848)

 

 

Sprague, William:

1830-1915; Governor von Rhode Island von 1859-1863; Rhode Island Cotton Manufacturer; republikanischer US-Senator 1863-75. Sprague stammte aus einer äußerst wohlhabenden und einflußreichen Familie; 1861 Regimentskommandeur der Rhode Island State Militia und MajGen USV (vgl. Marvel: Burnside, a.a.O., S. 7); Teilnahme an First Bull Run; eine Beförderung zum BrigGen USV schlug er aus, diente jedoch in der Armee während der Peninsula Campaign vor Williamsburg und bei der Belagerung von Yorktown. US-Senator von 1864-1875; verheiratet seit 1863 mit Kate *Chase, der Tochter US-Secretary Salmon P. Chase; die Ehe war unglück­lich und wurde 1882 geschieden; Sprague verlor sein Vermögen in der Wirtschaftskrise von 1873.

 

*Hay schildert Sprague als "small, insignificant youth, who gought his place. But he is certainly all right now" (vgl. Burlingame/Ett­linger: Inside Lincoln's White House. The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, a.a.O., S. 12). Henry *Villard beurteilte Sprague als einen Mann "with very limited mental capacity", der "had reached political distinction at an early age ... through the influence of real or reputet great wealth" (vgl. Villard: Memoirs 1, 175; Zitat nach Burlingame/Ettlinger: Inside Lincoln's White House. The Com­plete Civil War Diary of John Hay, a.a.O., S. 276 Anm. 44);

 

Photo:

- Rhodes, Elisha Hunt:: All for the Union, a.a.O., S. 14

 

 

Sprague, William:

US-Industrieller und Politiker; Rhode Island Cotton Manufacturer; Governor von Rhode Island 1860-63; republikanischer US-Sena­tor 1863-75; Sprague heiratete 1863 Kate Chase, die Tochter von US-Finanzminister Chase.

 

 

Spratley, Edward S.:

CS-Corporal; zunächst Co. I, 3rd Regiment Virginia Infantry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 52); dann Pvt und später Corpo­ral Co. G, 13th Regiment Virginia Cavalry (vgl. National Park Soldiers M382 Roll 52); Spratley gehörte zunächst zur Surry Light Ar­tillery, which was organized as infantry and assigned to Co. I, 3rd Regiment Virginia Infantry Anfang August 1861 (vgl. Jo­nes: Under the Stars and Bars: Surry Light Artillery of Virginia, a.a.O., S. 9, 11). Im Frühjahr 1862 wurde er auf seinen Wunsch versetzt zur Sur­ry Cavalry (= Company G, 13th Regiment Virginia Cavalry); Spratley wurde durch einen Schuß „through the body“ schwer verwun­det, erholte sich jedoch und lebte noch 1909 bei Surry Courthouse/VA (vgl. Jo­nes: Under the Stars and Bars: Surry Light Ar­tillery of Virginia, a.a.O., S. 30).

 

 

Spratt, Leonidas W.:

+++ aus South Carolina; vgl. Ruffin, Diary II 18, 80, 100

 

 

Sproul, William S.:

CS-Col; 39th Regiment Virginia Militia (vgl. Hotchkiss: Make me a Map of the Valley, a.a.O., S. 3).

 

 

Sprout, Samuel H.:

CS-Captain; 40th Alabama Infantry; Sprout enlisted in the South Sumter Guard and ended the war a Captain in the 40th Alabama

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- Sprout, Samuel H. (40th Alabama): Cush: A Civil War Memoir (Livingston Press); 176 pp; Index. Sprout enlisted in the South Sum­ter Guard and ended the war a Captain in the 40th Alabama; his memoirs detail the lives of the Confederate soldiers of the 40th Ala­bama; their battles and camp life (Cush was a mixture of corn meal, water and bacon greese cooked over an open fire)

 

 

Spurgeon, Thomas:

US-Pvt; Co. B, 7th Regiment Tennessee Infantry (National Park Soldiers M392 Roll 14).Spurgeon, A Bradley County Unionist, nicknamed the „Red Fox“ was am famous civilian pilot, who led US-refugees from East Tennessee through the CS-lines to Kentucky (vgl. Fisher: War at every Door, p. 65).

 

 

Squier, George W.:

US-Captain; Co. D, 44th Regiment Indiana Infantry; er trat als Corporal in das Regiment ein (vgl. National Park Soldiers M540 Roll 73).

 

Urkunden/Literatur:

- **Doyle, Julie, John D. Smith and Richard McMurry (ed.): This Wilderness of War: The Civil War Letters of George W. Squier, Hoosier Volunteer (Univ Tennessee Press, 216 pp, Illustrated, Edited by Julie Doyle, John D. Smith and Richard McMurry). Squier fought with the 44th Indiana at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Stones River and Chickamauga; unusual battlefield details such as robbing dead soldiers.

 

 

Squires, Charles W.:

CS-Captain; Co. 1, Washington Battalion, Louisiana Artillery; Squires trat als Senior First Lieutenant in die Einheit ein (vgl. National Park Soldiers M378 Roll 28).

 

Squires stammte aus New Orleans / Louisiana; Bruder von Miles Taylor Squires und Samuel Smith Squires; er führte im Sommer 1861 eine Section der Washington Artillery; Teilnahme am Skirmish von *Blackburn's Ford / Bull Run am 18.7.1861. Squires' Secti­on der Wa­shington Artillery gehörte zu Early's Brigade, die als Reserve hinter Longstreet's Brigade eingesetzt war (vgl. Davis: Battle of Bull Run, a.a.O., S. 128; Longstreet: From Manassas to Appomattox, a.a.O., S. 38; Early: War Memoirs, a.a.O., S. 6).

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History, a.a.O., vol. I: Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, S. 200

 

 

CS-Lt (?); aus New Orleans / Louisiana; Bruder von Charles W. *Squires und Samuel Smith Squires; er (oder einer seiner Brüder) führte im Sommer 1861 eine Section der Washington Artillery; Teilnahme am Skirmish von *Blackburn's Ford / Bull Run am 18.7.1861. Squires's Section der Washington Artillery gehörte zu Early's Brigade, die als Reserve hinter Longstreet's Brigade einge­setzt war (vgl. Davis: Battle of Bull Run, a.a.O., S. 128; Longstreet: From Manassas to Appomattox, a.a.O., S. 38; Early: War Me­moirs, a.a.O., S. 6).

 

Photo:

- Davis / Wiley: Photographic History, a.a.O., vol. I: Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, S. 200

 

 

Squires, Samuel Smith:

CS-Lt (?); aus New Orleans / Louisiana; Bruder von Charles W. *Squires und Samuel Smith Squires; er (oder einer seiner Brüder) führte im Sommer 1861 eine Section der Washington Artillery; Teilnahme am Skirmish von *Blackburn's Ford / Bull Run am 18.7.1861. Squires's Section der Washington Artillery gehörte zu Early's Brigade, die als Reserve hinter Longstreet's Brigade einge­setzt war (vgl. Davis: Battle of Bull Run, a.a.O., S. 128; Longstreet: From Manassas to Appomattox, a.a.O., S. 38; Early: War Me­moirs, a.a.O., S. 6).